Question 1

Describe the effects of complete,partial,and selective sleep deprivation.What,if anything,do these effects tell us about why we sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the effects of complete,partial,and selective sleep...

Question 2

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the greatest risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

Accepted Answer

A)  narcotics and sedatives 
B)  stimulants and hallucinogens 
C)  sedatives and alcohol 
D)  cannabis and alcohol

Question 3

One possible theory as to the reason humans need REM and slow wave sleep focuses on the possibility that they contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)  keeping the individual safe from predators. 
B)  the firming up of the learning that took place during that day. 
C)  impairing the individuals creative response. 
D)  helping the individual keep their body temperature low.

Question 4

Dakota is taking a prescription drug,and one of the side effects of the drug is an increase in the stimulation of ascending fibers in the reticular activating system.Dakota is likely to find that he

Accepted Answer

A)  wants to sleep all the time. 
B)  no longer experiences REM sleep. 
C)  has difficulty falling asleep. 
D)  begins to dream during Stage 3 and 4 sleep.

Question 5

At this moment,as you are concentrating on answering this exam question correctly,your dominant brain wave pattern MOST likely consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha waves. 
B)  beta waves. 
C)  delta waves. 
D)  theta waves.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a common effect produced by hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  posthypnotic suggestions 
B)  decrease in sensitivity to suggestions 
C)  sensory distortions and hallucinations 
D)  anesthesia

Question 7

Which of the following drugs carries the GREATEST risk for physical and/or psychological dependence?

Accepted Answer

A)  LSD 
B)  cocaine 
C)  alcohol 
D)  heroin

Question 8

The majority of slow-wave sleep occurs ____ the course of a night's sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  early in 
B)  late in 
C)  in the middle of 
D)  evenly distributed throughout

Question 9

The ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)consists of afferent fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)consists of...

Question 10

Alicia is taking a prescription drug to help treat her narcolepsy.She finds that when she takes the drug she feels extremely restless and irritable,and she feels paranoid.It is likely that Alicia's physician has prescribed

Accepted Answer

A)  a sedative. 
B)  a stimulant. 
C)  a narcotic. 
D)  a hallucinogen.

Question 11

According to Sigmund Freud,conscious and unconscious processes are different

Accepted Answer

A)  levels of reality. 
B)  levels of awareness. 
C)  streams of awareness. 
D)  streams of consciousness.

Question 12

The 24 hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species are known as ____ rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A)  circadian 
B)  slow-wave 
C)  rem 
D)  subcortical

Question 13

Opiates such as morphine and heroin have a capacity to

Accepted Answer

A)  alleviate pain. 
B)  improve memory. 
C)  enhance sensory awareness. 
D)  do all of these things.

Question 14

Hunter was dreaming,but he knew that he was dreaming.During his dream he was able to control some of the events that occurred in the dream.In this case,Hunter is

Accepted Answer

A)  dreaming during Stage 4 of the sleep cycle. 
B)  having a theta-wave dream. 
C)  having a lucid dream. 
D)  experiencing pseudo-REM sleep.

Question 15

Correlational research,using self-report data,has investigated the link between sleep duration and mortality risk.The two key findings are: people who consistently sleep less than seven hours exhibit ____ mortality risk; people who consistently sleep more than eight hours exhibit ____ mortality risk.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased; a decreased 
B)  a decreased; an increased 
C)  an increased; an increased 
D)  a decreased; a decreased

Question 16

Cody is visiting his pen pal in a tropical,non-industrialized village.Cody is likely to find that the inhabitants of the village

Accepted Answer

A)  take a 1-to-2 hour midday nap each day. 
B)  are less likely than Americans are to encourage co-sleeping. 
C)  experience less REM sleep than is typical for Americans. 
D)  experience less slow-wave sleep than is typical for Americans.

Question 17

A device that measures electrical activity in the brain over time by the means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the skin is

Accepted Answer

A)  a CT scan. 
B)  electroencephalograph. 
C)  an MRI. 
D)  a fMRI.

Question 18

The most common known sleep disorder is

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep apnea. 
B)  night terrors. 
C)  insomnia. 
D)  somnambulism.

Question 19

Kayla's core body temperature has risen 1.5 degrees in the last half hour.This change in body temperature means that it is most likely that Kayla

Accepted Answer

A)  has just fallen asleep. 
B)  will fall asleep in the next 60 minutes. 
C)  has just woken up. 
D)  has been meditating for the past 30 minutes.

Question 20

If you were awakened while you are experiencing rapid eye movements you probably would report that you had

Accepted Answer

A)  a headache. 
B)  been dreaming. 
C)  not been dreaming. 
D)  not really been asleep.

Exam 5: Variations in Consciousness