Question 1

Mark is meditating by concentrating on a specific sound to narrow his attention.Mark is using which style of meditation?

Accepted Answer

A)  focused attention 
B)  open monitoring 
C)  hypnotic induction 
D)  dissociation

Question 2

Most psychoactive drugs work primarily by altering

Accepted Answer

A)  the functioning of the endocrine system. 
B)  the functioning of sensory receptor cells. 
C)  neurotransmitter activity in the brain. 
D)  neurotransmitter activity in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 3

An electroencephalograph (EEG)is recording Joseph's brain activity,and the recording is currently dominated by delta waves.Unexpectedly,there is a loud crash in the sleep lab.It is likely

Accepted Answer

A)  the crash will wake Joseph from his relatively light sleep. 
B)  there will be a sleep spindle recorded on the EEG at the time of the crash. 
C)  the noise of the crash will be incorporated into the dream Joseph is currently experiencing. 
D)  there will be no change in the EEG, and Joseph's sleep will not be interrupted.

Question 4

Psychoactive drugs that are associated with a low risk of a lethal overdose include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  marijuana. 
B)  hallucinogens. 
C)  sedatives. 
D)  cannabis.

Question 5

Mark is meditating by attending to his immediate experience in a non-judgmental way.Mark is using which style of meditation?

Accepted Answer

A)  focused attention 
B)  open monitoring 
C)  hypnotic induction 
D)  dissociation

Question 6

There is the greatest amount of debate on the risks associated with which of the following drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  marijuana 
B)  alcohol 
C)  cocaine 
D)  heroin

Question 7

The dissociation theory of hypnosis states that while hypnotized a person's consciousness is divided between two streams of consciousness; one is in communication with the external world and the other is the

Accepted Answer

A)  role-playing partner. 
B)  visible monitor. 
C)  overt observer. 
D)  hidden observer.

Question 8

Historically alcoholism has been categorized under all of the following labels EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a personal weakness. 
B)  normal behavior. 
C)  physical illness. 
D)  mental illness.

Question 9

One hypothesis regarding the cause of crib death in babies is that they stop breathing during sleep,a sleep disorder known as

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  sleep apnea. 
C)  night terror. 
D)  hypersomnia.

Question 10

The procedure used by a hypnotist that relaxes an individual and increases his attention and suggestibility is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  hypnotic induction. 
B)  hypnotic trance. 
C)  hypnotic dissociation. 
D)  hypnotic deduction.

Question 11

Dr.Everett is observing Robert in a sleep lab.Dr.Everett intends to wake Robert up each time he begins REM sleep.Based on the electroencephalograph (EEG)recordings,Robert should be awakened each time the EEG shows

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha wave activity. 
B)  low-voltage, high frequency beta waves. 
C)  the presence of sleep spindles. 
D)  theta wave activity.

Question 12

While Kimberly was hypnotized she vividly recalled the events of her first birthday party.However,when the events she described were compared with an actual video from her birthday party,most of the things she described did not actually happen.Kimberly's inaccuracy in recall lends support to the view that hypnosis

Accepted Answer

A)  causes people to act out a role. 
B)  is the same as REM-sleep. 
C)  creates a dissociation in conscious awareness. 
D)  is the same as slow-wave sleep.

Question 13

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the LEAST risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

Accepted Answer

A)  hallucinogens 
B)  stimulants 
C)  sedatives 
D)  alcohol

Question 14

Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them.According to Rosalind Cartwright's cognitive theory of dreaming,the images in Logan's dream represent

Accepted Answer

A)  an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers. 
B)  the manifest content of the dream. 
C)  an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life. 
D)  the latent content of the dream.

Question 15

For the past week Laura has had difficulty falling asleep at night.Even though she goes to bed at her usual time,she lays awake for several hours before she finally drifts off to sleep.It appears that Laura is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  sleep apnea. 
C)  insomnia. 
D)  night terrors.

Question 16

The idea that hypnosis is associated with divided consciousness and is an altered state is most consistent with which of the following theories of hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Barber's role theory 
B)  Schachter's cognitive theory 
C)  Freud's psychoanalytic theory 
D)  Hilgard's dissociation theory

Question 17

The personal awareness you have of both internal and external stimuli,and your thoughts concerning those stimuli,comprise your

Accepted Answer

A)  attention. 
B)  unconsciousness. 
C)  consciousness. 
D)  alertness.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleepwalking is generally a manifestation of underlying psychological problems. 
B)  It is unsafe to awaken a sleepwalker. 
C)  Sleepwalking typically occurs while the person is dreaming. 
D)  There appears to be a genetic predisposition to sleepwalking.

Question 19

Brittany had a dream in which she was arrested by a blue giraffe riding a motorcycle.Brittany is convinced the dream represents an unconscious desire to cancel her upcoming wedding.According to Freud,Brittany's unconscious desire to cancel her upcoming wedding would represent

Accepted Answer

A)  the manifest content of the dream. 
B)  an interpretation of random neural activity in lower brain centers. 
C)  an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life. 
D)  the latent content of the dream.

Question 20

The content of a person's dreams can be affected by external stimuli that are present while the person is sleeping.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Variations in Consciousness