Question 1

Which is a common childhood communicable disease that may cause severe defects in the fetus when it occurs in its congenital form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erythema infectiosum 
B)  Roseola 
C)  Rubeola 
D)  Rubella

Question 2

A mother tells the nurse that she does not want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. What should the nurse explain?

Accepted Answer

A)  This cannot be prevented. 
B)  Infants do not feel pain as adults do. 
C)  This is not a good reason for refusing immunizations. 
D)  A topical anesthetic, EMLA, can be applied before injections are given.

Question 3

The nurse should implement which prescribed treatment for a child with warts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaccination 
B)  Local destruction 
C)  Corticosteroids 
D)  Specific antibiotic therapy

Question 4

Airborne isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with:

Accepted Answer

A)  mumps. 
B)  chickenpox. 
C)  exanthema subitum (roseola). 
D)  erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).

Question 5

The nurse is examining 12-month-old Amy, who was brought to the clinic for persistent diaper rash. The nurse finds perianal inflammation with satellite lesions that cross the inguinal folds. What is most likely the cause of the diaper rash?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impetigo 
B)  Candida albicans 
C)  Urine and feces 
D)  Infrequent diapering

Question 6

The single parent of a 3-year-old child who has just been diagnosed with chickenpox tells the nurse that she cannot afford to stay home with the child and miss work. The parent asks the nurse if some medication will shorten the course of the illness. Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reassure the parent that it is not necessary to stay home with the child. 
B)  Explain that no medication will shorten the course of the illness. 
C)  Explain the advantages of the medication acyclovir (Zovirax) to treat chickenpox. 
D)  Explain the advantages of the medication VCZ immune globulin (VariZIG) to treat chickenpox.

Question 7

Parents tell the nurse that their child keeps scratching the areas where he has poison ivy. The nurse's response should be based on which knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poison ivy does not itch and needs further investigation. 
B)  Scratching the lesions will not cause a problem. 
C)  Scratching the lesions will cause the poison ivy to spread. 
D)  Scratching the lesions may cause them to become secondarily infected.

Question 8

The nurse should expect to assess which causative agent in a child with warts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria 
B)  Fungus 
C)  Parasite 
D)  Virus

Question 9

A nurse is teaching parents about caring for their child with chickenpox. The nurse should let the parents know that the child is considered to be no longer contagious when which occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  When fever is absent 
B)  When lesions are crusted 
C)  24 hours after lesions erupt 
D)  8 days after onset of illness

Question 10

The school nurse is conducting a class for school-age children on Lyme disease. Which is characteristic of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Difficult to prevent 
B)  Treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3 
C)  Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite 
D)  Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease

Question 11

A parent reports to the nurse that her child has inflamed conjunctivae of both eyes with purulent drainage and crusting of the eyelids, especially on awakening. These manifestations suggest:

Accepted Answer

A)  viral conjunctivitis. 
B)  allergic conjunctivitis. 
C)  bacterial conjunctivitis. 
D)  conjunctivitis caused by foreign body.

Question 12

Herpes zoster is caused by the varicella virus and has an affinity for:

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic nerve fibers. 
B)  parasympathetic nerve fibers. 
C)  posterior root ganglia and posterior horn of the spinal cord. 
D)  lateral and dorsal columns of the spinal cord.

Question 13

The community health nurse is teaching parents about prevention of the spread and reoccurrence of pediculosis (head lice). Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Dryclean nonwashable items. 
B)  Spray the environment with an insecticide. 
C)  Seal nonwashable items in a plastic bag for 5 days. 
D)  Boil combs and brushes for 10 minutes. 
E)  Discourage sharing of personal items.

Question 14

A nurse is assessing a child and notes Koplik spots. In which of these communicable diseases are Koplik spots present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rubella 
B)  Measles (rubeola) 
C)  Chickenpox (varicella) 
D)  Exanthema subitum (roseola)

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a school-age child with a tinea capitis (ringworm) infection. What should the nurse expect the therapeutic management of this child to include?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administering oral griseofulvin 
B)  Administering topical or oral antibiotics 
C)  Applying topical sulfonamides 
D)  Applying Burow solution compresses to affected area

Question 16

The nurse is talking to the parents of a child with pediculosis capitis. Which should the nurse include when explaining how to manage pediculosis capitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You will need to cut the hair shorter if infestation and nits are severe." 
B)  "You can distinguish viable from nonviable nits, and remove all viable ones." 
C)  "You can wash all nits out of hair with a regular shampoo." 
D)  "You will need to remove nits with an extra-fine-tooth comb or tweezers."

Question 17

Vitamin A supplementation may be recommended for the young child who has which disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mumps 
B)  Rubella 
C)  Measles (rubeola) 
D)  Erythema infectiosum

Question 18

Which nursing consideration is important when caring for a child with impetigo contagiosa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apply topical corticosteroids to decrease inflammation. 
B)  Carefully remove dressings so as not to dislodge undermined skin, crusts, and debris. 
C)  Carefully wash hands and maintain cleanliness when caring for an infected child. 
D)  Examine child under a Wood lamp for possible spread of lesions.

Question 19

Which term best describes the identification of the distribution and causes of disease, injury, or illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nursing process 
B)  Epidemiologic process 
C)  Community-based statistics 
D)  Mortality and morbidity statistics

Exam 6: Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases