Question 1

The large between-species differences in sleep time suggest that sleep

Accepted Answer

A)  improves cognitive function. 
B)  improves emotional function. 
C)  serves a higher-order cognitive function. 
D)  is not necessarily needed in large quantities. 
E)  both A and C

Question 2

After several nights of REM-sleep deprivation,penile erections often

Accepted Answer

A)  do not occur during sleep. 
B)  become difficult to achieve during wakefulness. 
C)  begin to occur during SWS. 
D)  make it difficult to get back to sleep. 
E)  become embarrassing.

Question 3

When narcoleptics fall asleep,they often go directly into __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When narcoleptics fall asleep,they often go directly...

Question 4

The performance of which of the following tasks is most likely to be disrupted by sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  sprinting 
B)  weight lifting 
C)  watching a radar screen for occasional unpredictable blips 
D)  solving a series of complex geometric problems 
E)  solving a series of complex mathematical problems

Question 5

Which of the following stages of sleep is characterized by a low-amplitude,high-frequency sleep EEG signal that is similar to that observed during active wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 
B)  sleep spindle stage 
C)  stage 2 
D)  stage 3 
E)  both B and D

Question 6

Describe the neural and molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock and the research that led to their discovery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the neural and molecular mechanisms of...

Question 7

Normally,the fourth stage of sleep EEG to be reached after a person falls asleep at night is stage __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Normally,the fourth stage of sleep EEG to...

Question 8

__________ circadian cycles are those without zeitgebers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ circadian cycles are those without zeitgebers....

Question 9

The melatonin taken orally as medication is

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesized from dopamine. 
B)  exogenous. 
C)  endogenous. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both A and C

Question 10

Narcoleptic patients have brains with reduced levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  orexin. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  cataplexins. 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 11

The fact that most people sleep almost exactly the same amount each day under free-running conditions,despite large day-to-day variations in physical and mental activity,provides strong support for the dominance of

Accepted Answer

A)  recuperative factors in the regulation of sleep. 
B)  circadian factors in the regulation of sleep. 
C)  light cycles in the regulation of sleep. 
D)  light cycles in the regulation of wakefulness. 
E)  temperature in the regulation of sleep.

Question 12

Some antidepressant drugs can block __________ sleep for years without having obvious adverse effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some antidepressant drugs can block __________ sleep...

Question 13

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior hypothalamus promotes sleep. 
B)  posterior hypothalamus promotes wakefulness. 
C)  basal forebrain promotes REM sleep. 
D)  basal forebrain inhibits REM sleep. 
E)  both A and B

Question 14

After an entire week of REM-sleep deprivation,about how many times in one night did volunteers have to be awakened to prevent them from experiencing bouts of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  5 
C)  17 
D)  25 
E)  67

Question 15

Describe the major results of sleep-deprivation research.Compare these results with the predictions of recuperation theories of sleep.Reach a conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the major results of sleep-deprivation research.Compare...

Question 16

Identify three areas of the brain that are involved in the regulation of sleep.What is thought to be the function of each area? Be sure to describe the evidence that has implicated them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify three areas of the brain that...

Question 17

In one study,8 volunteers reduced their sleep by 30 minutes per night until they did not want to reduce it further.A major finding was that

Accepted Answer

A)  4 managed to reduce their sleep to 5 hours per night. 
B)  2 managed to reduce their sleep to 4.5 hours per night. 
C)  the volunteers began to experience significant daytime sleepiness once they had reduced their sleep to 6 hours or less per night. 
D)  the volunteers were still sleeping between 7 and 18 hours less per week when they were tested 1 year after the experiment ended. 
E)  all of the above

Question 18

Illustrated here is the location of the

Accepted Answer

A)  pineal gland. 
B)  pituitary gland. 
C)  suprachiasmatic nucleus. 
D)  posterior thalamus. 
E)  uvula.

Question 19

A vivid dreamlike state during wakefulness,often just as one awakens or falls asleep,is

Accepted Answer

A)  a hypnagogic hallucination. 
B)  cataplexy. 
C)  sleep paralysis. 
D)  narcolepsy. 
E)  sleep apnea.

Question 20

The association of REM sleep and dreaming was discovered in the early 1950s in the laboratory of

Accepted Answer

A)  Siegel. 
B)  Kleitman. 
C)  Mistlberger. 
D)  Meddis. 
E)  Freud.

Exam 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms