Question 1

Most selective sleep-deprivation studies have been studies of __________ deprivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  REM-sleep 
B)  NREM-sleep 
C)  stage 2 sleep 
D)  stage 3 sleep 
E)  slow-wave sleep

Question 2

The 8-to-12 Hz EEG waves that are associated with relaxed wakefulness and often occur just before sleep are called

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha waves. 
B)  delta waves. 
C)  K complexes. 
D)  sleep spindles. 
E)  REM waves.

Question 3

Circadian cycles without zeitgebers are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  free-running periods. 
B)  free-running. 
C)  desynchronized. 
D)  diurnal. 
E)  entrained.

Question 4

Species that sleep a lot tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  be more active. 
B)  have higher body temperatures. 
C)  be small. 
D)  be protected from predation when they sleep. 
E)  all of the above

Question 5

Describe the results of long-term sleep-reduction experiments.Discuss both monophasic and polyphasic sleep.How are sleep times related to health and longevity? What do these lines of research indicate about the need for sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the results of long-term sleep-reduction experiments.Discuss...

Question 6

During REM sleep,changes in autonomic nervous system activity suggest

Accepted Answer

A)  arousal. 
B)  unresponsiveness. 
C)  increased relaxation. 
D)  neural inactivity. 
E)  both B and C

Question 7

Melatonin is synthesized from

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  glutamate. 
D)  GABA. 
E)  dopamine.

Question 8

Most mammals and birds

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep. 
B)  have sleep that is similar to human sleep. 
C)  have sleep that is characterized by high-amplitude, low-frequency EEG activity. that is punctuated by periods of low-amplitude, high frequency EEG activity. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Each cycle of sleep during a typical night tends to be about

Accepted Answer

A)  5 minutes long. 
B)  20 minutes long. 
C)  35 minutes long. 
D)  90 minutes long. 
E)  140 minutes long.

Question 10

Cells of the suprachiasmatic nuclei display circadian cycles of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene expression. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  sleep. 
D)  degeneration. 
E)  regeneration.

Question 11

Evidence indicates that melatonin may function as a

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulant. 
B)  chronobiotic. 
C)  catecholamine. 
D)  neurotransmitter. 
E)  both C and D

Question 12

Bilateral lesions of the __________ selectively disrupt circadian cycles.

Accepted Answer

A)  suprachiasmatic nuclei 
B)  lateral hypothalamus 
C)  lateral preoptic area 
D)  reticular activating system 
E)  subfornical organ

Question 13

Disorders of excessive sleep or sleepiness are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  insomnia. 
B)  hypersomnia. 
C)  iatrogenic. 
D)  hyposomnia. 
E)  REM-sleep disorders.

Question 14

Professor Bland sometimes falls asleep while she is having a discussion.She would likely be diagnosed as having

Accepted Answer

A)  insomnia. 
B)  narcolepsy. 
C)  cataplexy. 
D)  epilepsy. 
E)  SIDS.

Question 15

In studies of the effects of sleep deprivation in humans,the tasks that sleep-deprived volunteers are most likely to perform poorly are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  are boring, easy, and require continuous attention. 
B)  involve critical thinking. 
C)  involve high-level logical deduction. 
D)  test verbal ability. 
E)  test mathematical ability.

Question 16

In the neurotransplantation experiment by Ralph and colleagues,the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)were transplanted from the fetuses of mutant hamsters that had abnormally brief free-running sleep-wake cycles into normal adult hamsters whose sleep-wake cycles had been abolished by SCN lesions.The transplants initiated __________ sleep-wake cycles in the recipients.

Accepted Answer

A)  24-hour 
B)  24-hour free-running 
C)  25.5-hour free-running 
D)  20-hour free-running 
E)  reversed

Question 17

Sleep apnea is more common in

Accepted Answer

A)  males. 
B)  the overweight. 
C)  the elderly. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  patients with anorexia.

Question 18

The cortical EEG of cerveau isolé cats is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  almost continuous SWS. 
B)  almost continuous REM sleep. 
C)  alternating periods of SWS and REM sleep. 
D)  alternating periods of sleep and wakefulness. 
E)  the arousing effects of reticular formation damage.

Question 19

A large group of patients who sought treatment for insomnia were found in one study to sleep __________ hours per night.

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5 
B)  3.5 
C)  4.5 
D)  5.5 
E)  6.5

Question 20

Many cases of insomnia appear to be

Accepted Answer

A)  recuperative. 
B)  iatrogenic. 
C)  circadian. 
D)  associated with cataplexy. 
E)  psychotic.

Exam 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms