Question 1

Before 1960, reports surfaced that soy formula-fed infants were developing hypothyroidism.The addition of what supplement to these formulas ameliorated this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iodine
B)  Selenium
C)  Iron
D)  Tyrosine A

Question 2

Thyroid heath in some adults can be improved by increasing the conversion of T4 to T3.This can be accomplished by:

Accepted Answer

A)  supplementing with tyrosine.
B)  correcting zinc deficiencies with zinc glycinate or zinc citrate.
C)  increasing naturally occurring flavonoids in the diet.
D)  cautiously supplementing with lipoic acid. B

Question 3

More than 90% of people with autoimmune thyroid disease have a genetic defect affecting their ability to metabolize what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin D
B)  Flavonoids
C)  Selenium
D)  Tyrosine A

Question 4

A severe systemic illness that causes decreased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, an increased conversion of T3 to the inactive rT3, and decreased binding of thyroid hormones is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
B)  Graves' disease.
C)  euthyroid sick syndrome.
D)  Addison's disease.

Question 5

Maintaining thyroid hormone function throughout the aging process appears to be an important hallmark of healthy aging.What characteristic is an indicator of thyroid health in centenarians?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased free T4 and rT3 levels
B)  An increased libido
C)  Constant cortisol production
D)  The absence of circulating thyroid autoantibodies

Question 6

Some plant foods (cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage) exert antithyroid activity through what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding iodine species
B)  Inhibiting thyroid peroxidase
C)  Increasing thyroglobulin antibodies
D)  Simulating cortisol

Question 7

Botanical preparations have been found in animal studies to influence thyroid activity.Commiphora mukul (guggulsterones from guggul extract) has strong thyroid stimulatory action, demonstrated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing cortisol production.
B)  decreasing iodine uptake by the thyroid.
C)  increasing TPO activity.
D)  decreasing serum T4 concentrations.

Question 8

Thyroid health has been shown to be impacted by the elimination of which foods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seafood
B)  Gluten
C)  Mushrooms
D)  Barley

Question 9

Although some T3 is produced in the thyroid, approximately 80% to 85% is generated outside the thyroid in which organs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nervous system and adrenal glands
B)  Liver and kidneys
C)  Pancreas and gastrointestinal tract
D)  Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 10

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by which of the following biochemical and endocrine abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated testosterone, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance
B)  Thyrotoxicosis, iodine deficiency, and elevated estrogen
C)  Impaired glucose tolerance, increased T4 conversion, and hypertension
D)  Low blood calcium, thyroid receptor hypersensitivity, and elevated cortisol

Question 11

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by weight gain, easy bruising, depression, muscle loss, and weakness.It is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased concentration of endocrine autoantibodies.
B)  thiocyanate ions, which can compete with iodine for uptake by the thyroid gland.
C)  too much cortisol remaining in the bloodstream over a long period.
D)  thyroid hormone deficiency during pregnancy.

Question 12

Which of these is NOT a product of the thyroid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroxine (T4) 
B)  Calcitonin
C)  Reverse T3 (rT3) 
D)  Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 13

A rare primary adrenal insufficiency in which insufficient levels of steroid hormones are produced despite adequate levels of the hormone ACTH is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal fatigue.
B)  Addison's disease.
C)  Cushing's syndrome.
D)  euthyroid sick syndrome.

Question 14

Dietary intervention is a key therapeutic tool in managing patients with thyroid disease.In the absence of nutritional deficiencies, what is the main goal of nutritional support?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maintaining vitamin sufficiency
B)  Decreasing oxidative stress
C)  Increasing iodine concentrations
D)  Reducing antithyroidal antibodies

Question 15

Characteristics of chronic adrenal stress do NOT include:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased thyroid-binding protein activity.
B)  decreased conversion of T4 to active forms of T3.
C)  weakened immune barriers of the digestive tract, lungs, and brain.
D)  increased sensitivity to thyroid hormones.

Question 16

Selenium deficiency, inadequate protein, excess carbohydrates, chronic illness, and stress (high cortisol levels) can all impact what thyroid metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)  production
B)  Organification of iodide
C)  Thyroid-binding globulin (TBG)  T4 transport
D)  5'-deiodinase conversion of T4 to T3

Question 17

Which of these is NOT required for the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) 
B)  Tyrosine
C)  Thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) 
D)  Iodide

Question 18

Low energy, cold hands and feet, fatigue, hypercholesterolemia, muscle pain, depression, and a positive test result for thyroid peroxidase antibodies could all be indicative of what condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diabetes mellitus
B)  Graves' disease
C)  Hashimoto's thyroiditis
D)  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Question 19

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid is diffusely enlarged (goiter) and overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones.It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) in the United States.What is the primary target of circulating autoantibodies in this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin receptors
B)  Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)  receptors
C)  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)  receptors
D)  Cortisol receptors

Question 20

Iodine deficiency is often a culprit in thyroid disorders.However, in which of these thyroid conditions may supplementing with iodine exacerbate the condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenal fatigue
B)  Hashimoto's thyroiditis
C)  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 
D)  Graves' disease

Exam 32: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid and Related Disorders