Question 1

According to sociologist Ferdinand Tӧnnies, many preindustrial cities could be described as being __________, a society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​gemeinschaft 
B)  ​oligarchic 
C)  ​gesellschaft 
D)  ​democratic

Question 2

For economist Thomas Malthus, _________ is the only acceptable preventive check on population.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​contraception 
B)  ​moral restraint 
C)  ​famine 
D)  ​disease

Question 3

__________ refers one explanation of the process by which some societies have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Zero population growth 
B)  ​Population lag 
C)  ​Demographic transition 
D)  ​Cultural lag

Question 4

Compare the ideas of Simmel, Wirth, and Gans on contemporary urban life. Include the concepts of urbanism and urban villagers in your response. Explain which of these perspectives you find most convincing and why.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the ideas of Simmel, Wirth, and...

Question 5

Neo-Malthusians refer to ___________ as the point at which no population increase occurs from year to year because the number of births plus immigrants is equal to the number of deaths plus emigrants.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​population lag 
B)  ​zero population growth 
C)  ​the transitional point 
D)  ​the demographic transition

Question 6

Which of these characteristics is common to the women throughout the world who are having the most children?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​They live exclusively in poorer countries. 
B)  ​They live in urban areas and have little access to birth control. 
C)  ​They live in agricultural regions where infant mortality is high. 
D)  ​They tend to come from intermediate-level fertility countries.

Question 7

A conflict perspective on migration, the __________ suggests that immigrants from lowincome countries are often recruited for secondary-labor-market positions in other countries. Workers from high-income countries are recruited for primary sector employment.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​network theory 
B)  ​institutional theory 
C)  ​world systems theory 
D)  ​split-labor-market theory

Question 8

Which theorist was generally optimistic about urban life?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Simmel 
B)  ​Wirth 
C)  ​Gans 
D)  ​Berger

Question 9

Explain the concept of the demographic transition and discuss its applicability to different types of societies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the concept of the demographic transition...

Question 10

The tension between use value and exchange value is at the center of the __________ perspective on urban growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​functionalist 
B)  ​conflict 
C)  ​symbolic interactionist 
D)  ​postmodern

Question 11

__________ suggests that as the natural resources, land, and workforce in low-income countries with little or no industrialization have come under the influence of international markets, there has been a corresponding flow of migrants from those nations to the highly industrialized, high-income countries.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​World systems theory 
B)  ​Split-labor-market theory 
C)  ​Network theory 
D)  ​Institutional theory

Question 12

In Burgess's concentric zone model, __________ is a ring of small cities and towns populated by persons who commute to the central city to work and by wealthy people living on estates.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Zone 2 
B)  ​Zone 3 
C)  ​Zone 4 
D)  ​Zone 5

Question 13

The __________ emphasizes the part the entire family plays in the migration process. By having family income originating from more than one source, the family is cushioned from the economic woes of the nation that most of the family members think of as "home."​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​split-labor-market theory 
B)  ​family transition perspective 
C)  ​new households economics of migration approach 
D)  ​demographic transition perspective

Question 14

In contrast to the earliest cities, industrial cities were characterized by impersonal and specialized relationships with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. Tӧnnies's term for this is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​gemeinschaft 
B)  ​bureaucracy 
C)  ​gesellschaft 
D)  ​autocracy

Question 15

During the demographic transition stage of __________, birth rates continue to decline as more women gain full-time employment and the cost of raising children continues to increase. The population grows very slowly, if at all, because the decrease in birth rates is coupled with a stable death rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​postindustrialization 
B)  ​early industrialization 
C)  ​advanced industrialization and urbanization 
D)  ​preindustrial societies

Question 16

Several major theories have been developed in an attempt to explain international migration. The __________ assumes that migration patterns occur based on geographic differences in the supply and demand for labor.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Marxist perspective 
B)  ​neoclassical economic approach 
C)  ​demographic transition 
D)  ​split-labor-market theory

Question 17

When members of the middle and upper-middle classes, usually whites, move into the central city area and renovate existing properties, this is termed __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​invasion 
B)  ​succession 
C)  ​gentrification 
D)  ​diffusion

Question 18

According to the __________ developed by urban sociologists Harris and Ullman, cities do not have one center from which all growth radiates, but rather have numerous centers of development based on specific urban needs or activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the sector model 
B)  ​social area analysis 
C)  ​multiple nuclei model 
D)  ​concentric zone model

Question 19

Applying his preconditions for the development of cities, sociologist Gideon Sjoberg places the first cities in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Egypt 
B)  ​China 
C)  ​Greece 
D)  ​Mesopotamia

Question 20

In any given population, fertility will always be higher than fecundity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Population and Urbanization