Question 1

Opponent-process theory was the first major theory of color vision.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Concerning the perception of color, trichromatic theory is associated with _____. Opponent-process theory is associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

A) von Helmholtz; Hering 
B) Hering; von Helmholtz 
C) von Helmholtz; Hubel 
D) Hubel; von Helmholtz

Question 3

Which sequence correctly arranges the structures of the inner ear from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?

Accepted Answer

A) cochlea > basilar membrane > hair cells 
B) cochlea > hair cells > basilar membrane 
C) basilar membrane > hair cells > cochlea 
D) basilar membrane > cochlea > hair cells

Question 4

For a given stimulus dimension, such as weight, a difference threshold is a:

Accepted Answer

A) fixed value. 
B) constant proportion. 
C) variable proportion. 
D) random value.

Question 5

Slow nerve fibers carry pain messages via neurons that are both large and unmyelinated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Universities no longer sponsor research on ESP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Subliminal stimuli can exert long-lasting effects on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The Müller-Lyer illusion is a purely data-based effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The process by which receptor cells detect stimuli is called:

Accepted Answer

A) adaptation. 
B) perception. 
C) sensation. 
D) transduction.

Question 10

Mia is chatting with a man in a nightclub. She is attracted to him. What is probably happening to her eyes?

Accepted Answer

A) Her irises are constricting. 
B) Her lenses are stiffening. 
C) Her pupils are dilating. 
D) Her corneas are expanding.

Question 11

Gibson and Walk's research indicated that depth perception is overwhelmingly innate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In a study cited in the text, Lehrner et al. (2000) found that diffusing an orange aroma through a dentist's waiting room reduced patients' anxiety. Based on this description, the _____ variable in this study is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) control; whether an orange aroma was diffused 
B) dependent; patients' anxiety 
C) independent; patients' anxiety 
D) experimental; whether an orange aroma was diffused

Question 13

Proprioceptors are found in the:

Accepted Answer

A) semicircular canals. 
B) muscles and joints. 
C) cochlea. 
D) olfactory bulb.

Question 14

Ouch! A paper cut! The stinging pain is carried by _____ pain fibers, which are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) fast; myelinated 
B) fast; unmyelinated 
C) slow; myelinated 
D) slow; unmyelinated

Question 15

Which statement is True regarding the architecture of the visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) Many neurons in the visual cortex respond only to very specific visual features or stimuli. 
B) There are two or three areas in the cortex specialized for visual processing. 
C) Most neurons in the visual cortex respond to a broad array of visual features and stimuli. 
D) Most neurons in the visual cortex respond only to simple points of light.

Question 16

Taxis on the street produce a small retinal image for an observer standing near the window of an office on a skyscraper's 90ᵗʰ floor. The observer does not perceive the taxis as miniature, however. This example illustrates size:

Accepted Answer

A) constancy. 
B) relativity. 
C) adaptation. 
D) disparity.

Question 17

Jason is contemplating an abstract painting. When he uses his experiences to interpret it, he is using knowledge-based processing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to the textbook, prior experiences and cultural expectations influence how pain is processed. These influences may be called:

Accepted Answer

A) data-based effects. 
B) knowledge-based effects. 
C) bottom-up effects. 
D) either data-based or bottom-up effects.

Question 19

Dorothy is 86 and has trouble hearing. She is not alone: about _____% of adults over 80 have difficulty hearing.

Accepted Answer

A) 35 
B) 50 
C) 65 
D) 75

Question 20

The optic nerve is composed of axons of:

Accepted Answer

A) bipolar cells. 
B) ganglion cells. 
C) rods and cones. 
D) foveal cells.

Exam 3: Biology and Behavior

Opponent-process theory was the first major theory of color vision.

Concerning the perception of color, trichromatic theory is associated with _. Opponent-process theory is associated with _.

Which sequence correctly arranges the structures of the inner ear from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?

For a given stimulus dimension, such as weight, a difference threshold is a:

Slow nerve fibers carry pain messages via neurons that are both large and unmyelinated.

Universities no longer sponsor research on ESP.

Subliminal stimuli can exert long-lasting effects on behavior.

The Müller-Lyer illusion is a purely data-based effect.

The process by which receptor cells detect stimuli is called:

Mia is chatting with a man in a nightclub. She is attracted to him. What is probably happening to her eyes?

Gibson and Walk's research indicated that depth perception is overwhelmingly innate.

In a study cited in the text, Lehrner et al. (2000) found that diffusing an orange aroma through a dentist's waiting room reduced patients' anxiety. Based on this description, the _ variable in this study is _.

Proprioceptors are found in the:

Ouch! A paper cut! The stinging pain is carried by _ pain fibers, which are _.

Which statement is True regarding the architecture of the visual cortex?

Taxis on the street produce a small retinal image for an observer standing near the window of an office on a skyscraper's 90ᵗʰ floor. The observer does not perceive the taxis as miniature, however. This example illustrates size:

Jason is contemplating an abstract painting. When he uses his experiences to interpret it, he is using knowledge-based processing.

According to the textbook, prior experiences and cultural expectations influence how pain is processed. These influences may be called:

Dorothy is 86 and has trouble hearing. She is not alone: about _____% of adults over 80 have difficulty hearing.

The optic nerve is composed of axons of: