Question 1

Riots do occur more often on hot days than on cool days.The hotter the day in a number of cities, the more violent crimes occur.These results suggest that discomfort can lead to aggression.However, such results should be interpreted with caution because

Accepted Answer

A)  representative samples were not secured by the researchers. 
B)  some third variable might account for the relation. 
C)  researchers only studied violent aggression. 
D)  researchers limited themselves to the United States.

Question 2

Anger control through "active enabling" might involve which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  pounding on pillows to let off steam 
B)  taking a deep breath and counting to ten 
C)  watching a boxing match 
D)  playing a "target practice" video game

Question 3

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the results of correlational research demonstrating the connection between viewing television violence and subsequent acts of aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some children or teens may imitate televised violence, but the effect disappears in adulthood. 
B)  Some people-adults as well as youths-are influenced to imitate televised acts of violence. 
C)  While there is a correlation between viewing TV violence and aggression, it can be fully explained by more aggressive people being more likely to watch violent TV. 
D)  While there is a correlation between viewing TV violence and aggression, it can be fully explained by family income, education, and neighborhood violence.

Question 4

The chimpanzee shares 98 percent of its DNA with humans, and can be described as

Accepted Answer

A) the only nonhuman species that commits murder. 
B) the only nonhuman species that steals from members of its own group. 
C) extremely peaceful. 
D) led by a female hierarchy.

Question 5

In a field experiment (Baron, 1976) to study drivers' responses to a car that hesitated when a stoplight turned green, the researcher found that when a confederate hobbled across the street on crutches in front of the lead car in the intersection, fewer drivers behind the lead car honked their horns.According to this research, why was that? Drivers at the rear

Accepted Answer

A)  were given a situational attribution for the lead driver's hesitation. 
B)  felt empathy for the confederate, which inhibited their aggression. 
C)  were distracted by the sight of a person on crutches. 
D)  forgot all about their own troubles.

Question 6

According to the authors, when we are angry, it is best to

Accepted Answer

A)  stifle those feelings to prevent further anger and aggression. 
B)  make an assertive statement that we are angry and why. 
C)  publicly ridicule the source of our anger so that he or she will counterargue. 
D)  distract yourself with something you enjoy.

Question 7

________ refers to the tendency to aggress when we perceive that our progress is thwarted.

Accepted Answer

A)  Frustration-aggression theory 
B)  The catharsis hypothesis 
C)  The hydraulic model 
D)  The displacement effect

Question 8

Two children, Jane and Joan, have been eyeing a new water pistol in the local toy store for months.Each is convinced that her parents will buy her the water pistol as soon as summer comes.Yesterday, Jane's parents bought her the water pistol, which turned out to be the last one in the store.As soon as Joan found out, she had a temper tantrum and hit Jane in the stomach.________ best explains Joan's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social exchange theory 
B)  Frustration-aggression theory 
C)  Social learning theory 
D)  The emotional consistency effect

Question 9

In an experiment presented in the text, researchers first frustrated children by stopping a great movie and taking away their candy, and then observed the children during free play.He found that children ________ were ________ aggressive than the others.

Accepted Answer

A)  who were taught constructive ways to relate; less 
B)  with short attention spans; more 
C)  who saw the prosocial movie; less 
D)  who saw the whole movie; more

Question 10

________ theory posits that we learn to aggress by observing and imitating others.

Accepted Answer

A)  Frustration-aggression 
B)  Direct reinforcement 
C)  Social-cognitive learning 
D)  Aggression spillover

Question 11

Social-psychological research has revealed that viewers of a great deal of television come to view the world as a dangerous and hostile place.If Terry is one such person, what is he likely to think when he watches a violent cops-and-robbers show?

Accepted Answer

A)  "If they can do it, so can I." 
B)  "So that's how it's done." 
C)  "I guess it's the urge to aggress that I'm feeling." 
D)  "I had better get him before he gets me!"

Question 12

Well-controlled laboratory experiments and field studies (e.g., McDonald, Zanna, & Fong, 1996) have revealed that alcohol consumption contributes to aggression by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing testosterone. 
B)  reducing social inhibitions and restraints. 
C)  increasing hostility. 
D)  decreasing frustration tolerance.

Question 13

Research shows that most cases of extreme violence in a family are perpetrated by _______.

Accepted Answer

A) men 
B) women 
C) children 
D) the elderly

Question 14

Research on the effects of violent media, including video games, on aggression demonstrates that the effects of such games on aggression are

Accepted Answer

A)  much less than the comparable effects of aggressive television, since the game itself gives children an outlet. 
B)  significant, but only for those children who were shown to be more prone to violence beforehand. 
C)  significant, but the effects are due to the correlation of aggression with income. 
D)  significant, and a causal as well as a longitudinal relationship has been demonstrated.

Question 15

John and Eric have a major disagreement over a woman they both like.In which location is this disagreement LEAST likely to erupt into a physical fight?

Accepted Answer

A)  at a bar 
B)  at a crowded rock concert 
C)  at a ski lodge 
D)  at a gun show

Question 16

Researchers (Ohbuchi, Ohno, & Mukai, 1993) found that participants were less likely to administer shocks to another person when that person had previously disclosed something personal about him- or herself.According to the authors of your textbook, why is that?

Accepted Answer

A)  Similarity leads to attraction, not aggression. 
B)  Personal information can make it easier to empathize with another. 
C)  When we are anonymous, we are more likely to aggress. 
D)  Self-disclosure serves as a way to model prosocial behavior.

Question 17

A study presented in the text demonstrated that when participants were first "accidentally" bumped, then called a disrespectful name, northerners tended to react ________ southerners.

Accepted Answer

A)  more aggressively than 
B)  more assertively than 
C)  as aggressively as 
D)  less aggressively than

Question 18

In a survey of high school students, nearly half of the students surveyed believed that when a woman says "No" to a sexual advance, she doesn't really mean it.These findings provide support for the power of ________ to influence attitudes toward sexual aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  violent pornography 
B)  sexual scripts 
C)  spontaneous romance 
D)  sex roles

Question 19

According to Pennebaker (1990), talking about our angry feelings and their sources can be physically and psychologically beneficial because

Accepted Answer

A)  "opening up" and venting our feelings enhances mutual understanding. 
B)  such self-disclosures often result in insights and increased self-awareness. 
C)  such self-disclosures often yield apologies from the offending party. 
D)  "opening up" and venting reduce our aggressive impulses.

Question 20

In which of the following situations is frustration LEAST likely to result in aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your friend sprained her ankle, and cannot help you move, as promised. 
B)  A telemarketer interrupts your dinner to sell you a magazine subscription. 
C)  A woman grabs you and says "Hey, slow down," as you rush to catch your train. 
D)  The parking lot is full, and a driver pulls around you to take the parking place for which you've been waiting.

Exam 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It