Question 1

Emotions often follow rather than precede behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Affect is one main component of an attitude.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Affective experiences are most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  External attitudes 
B)  Implicit attitudes 
C)  Conscious attitudes 
D)  Explicit attitudes

Question 4

Which of the following statements about implicit attitudes is most true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Implicit attitudes are within our control. 
B)  Implicit attitudes are consciously activated. 
C)  Implicit attitudes are formed over a longer period of time. 
D)  Implicit attitudes are automatically activated.

Question 5

If George likes Italian food and he is invited by his friend to try a new Italian restaurant, he most likely will hold a positive attitude toward these plans. This best illustrates the notion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  ambivalence. 
B)  an unconditioned response. 
C)  cognitive consistency. 
D)  cognitive strength.

Question 6

Tommy's mom wants him to clean his room more often. She decides she will not make him do the dishes if cleans his room. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement. 
B)  Positive reinforcement. 
C)  Positive punishment. 
D)  Negative punishment.

Question 7

Briefly describe two ways in which attitudes can be assessed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe two ways in which attitudes...

Question 8

Provide the definition of an attitude and describe the three major components an attitude.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide the definition of an attitude and...

Question 9

A parent offers her child a toy every time he cleans his room. In this example, offering a toy represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement 
B)  Positive reinforcement 
C)  Positive punishment 
D)  Negative punishment

Question 10

What can researchers do to help minimize the tendency for participants to report socially desirable responses and encourage answers that are truthful?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can use self-report measures. 
B)  They can use explicit attitude measures. 
C)  They can threaten participants. 
D)  They can employ the 'bogus pipeline' strategy.

Question 11

When you are forming an attitude about an idea, object, or person you are more likely to focus on the negative information over the positive information. This is termed __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude ambivalence 
B)  mere exposure 
C)  negativity bias 
D)  the pessimism effect

Question 12

Corey (1937) measured student's attitudes toward academic cheating. He then had students complete tests which were marked by a researcher, and then marked by themselves, which gave students the opportunity to cheat by covertly changing their test mark. What were the findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students cheated on the majority of tests, regardless of their previously stated attitudes toward cheating. 
B)  Students did not cheat on any test, regardless of their previously stated attitudes toward cheating. 
C)  Students did not cheat on any test, but only if they held negative attitudes towards cheating. 
D)  Students cheated on every single test, by only if they held positive attitudes towards cheating.

Question 13

Classical conditioning was first demonstrated by __________ in his famous experiment with dogs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  Albert Bandura 
C)  B.F. Skinner 
D)  Edward Thorndike

Question 14

Dwayne knows smoking is bad for his health, yet continues to smoke. How can you reduce Dwayne's cognitive dissonance and get him to stop smoking? Be sure to include the concept of effort justification in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dwayne knows smoking is bad for his...

Question 15

____________ is defined as a stimulus that elicits a response automatically, without learning taking place.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioned response 
B)  Conditioned stimulus 
C)  Unconditioned stimulus 
D)  Unconditioned response

Question 16

Research suggests that an attitudinal shift as a result of cognitive dissonance is much more likely to occur when the counter-attitudinal behaviour is conducted in front of others. This finding supports which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are more concerned with appearing consistent in their attitudes in the eyes of others than they are with actually being consistent. 
B)  People are concerned with holding attitudes that are consistent with their behaviour. 
C)  People are never concerned with holding attitudes that are consistent with their behaviour. 
D)  Attitudes often do not match behaviour.

Question 17

A teacher rewards his students with a piece of candy every time they hand in their homework on time. The number of students who turn their homework in on the due date increases. This illustrates what type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observational learning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Classical conditioning 
D)  Explicit learning

Exam 6: Attitudes