Question 1

Which of the following statements is an example of an ingratiating tactic?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Luck is the only reason you passed that exam." 
B)  "Your father may be a lawyer, but my father is a doctor." 
C)  "Did you get a haircut? Your hair looks great!" 
D)  "I need an extension on my final essay."

Question 2

You and your friends have agreed to exercise and lose weight together. You are hosting a get together with these friends to celebrate a birthday. Based on information presented in your text on self-discrepancy theory, what could you do if you wanted to discourage overindulgence in high calorie foods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Place the food in the hallway in front of a mirror 
B)  Place the food in the kitchen so it's further from the guests 
C)  Place the food in living room so it's closer to the guests 
D)  Serve all the food at one time

Question 3

Describe the relationship between extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards, and motivation. Distinguish between expected and unexpected rewards. Be sure to describe the role of over-justification.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the relationship between extrinsic rewards, intrinsic...

Question 4

Increasing self-awareness is one way to motivate people to change their behaviour to match their personal standards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which theory argues that we compare ourselves to others in different situations because there is no given standard against which to measure our abilities and opinions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-discrepancy theory 
B)  Self-verification theory 
C)  Social comparison theory 
D)  Group comparison theory

Question 6

If you had just won the lottery and were asked how you would feel five years from now, research suggests you would predict:

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling very sad. 
B)  feeling extremely happy and overjoyed. 
C)  feeling about the same. 
D)  feeling angry.

Question 7

Rosemarie wants her son Mark to be more motivated to practice the violin on his own. Based on research on the overjustification effect, what would be the LEAST effective way to intrinsically motivate Mark to practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Surprise him with $20 after he practices 
B)  Do not provide him with any reward 
C)  Promise to pay him $30 every time he practices the violin 
D)  Surprise him with $50 after he practices

Question 8

Jane describes herself as intelligent, kind, a mother, a wife, and an artist. These descriptions of Jane's identity are known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-schemas 
B)  self ideas 
C)  self-concepts 
D)  self knowledge

Question 9

Researchers who have studied the relationship between self-efficacy and goal achievement have found support for which of the following conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  People with higher self-efficacy are more likely to achieve personal goals. 
B)  People with lower self-efficacy are surprisingly more likely to achieve personal goals. 
C)  There does not appear to be a relationship between self-efficacy and goal achievement. 
D)  The relationship between self-efficacy and goal achievement is not clear or well-understood.

Question 10

____________ refers to a self-protection strategy in which we are likely to believe that external factors are responsible for situations in which we perform poorly.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-serving attribution 
B)  Self-fulfilling prophecy 
C)  Cognitive distortion bias 
D)  False consensus

Question 11

Research conducted on the brain using brain imaging technology suggests which of the following to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trauma to the brain does not really affect our sense of self. 
B)  The self appears to occupy a unique area of the brain. 
C)  The self does not appear to occupy a unique area of the brain. 
D)  The same part of the brain is activated when we are shown unflattering pictures of ourselves as when we are shown unflattering pictures of other people

Question 12

Danny's father rewards him with $10 every time he receives an A in a class. Danny works hard to get as many As as he can so that he can earn more money. In this example, Danny's behaviour would be considered:

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsically motivated. 
B)  intrinsically motivated. 
C)  inherently motivated. 
D)  unmotivated.

Question 13

Research on unrealistic optimism supports which of the following findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  University students who were unrealistically optimistic about their likelihood of experiencing problems related to binge drinking were less likely to have alcohol-related problems. 
B)  University students who were unrealistically optimistic about their likelihood of experiencing problems related to binge drinking were more likely to have alcohol-related problems. 
C)  Unrealistic optimism makes people less likely to drive after drinking. 
D)  Unrealistically optimistic students are more likely to spend time studying than pessimistic students.

Question 14

In comparison to men's self-concepts, women tend to define themselves more in terms of their:

Accepted Answer

A)  in-group affiliations. 
B)  relationships with others. 
C)  cultural background. 
D)  unique characteristics.

Question 15

The facial feedback hypothesis states that a change in our facial expressions can lead to subsequent emotional changes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A cultural focus on the self as interdependent and defined by the connectedness of people to one another is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism 
B)  capitalism 
C)  collectivism 
D)  introspection

Question 17

Which of the following represents a major difference between behaviours driven by intrinsic motivation compared with extrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compared with extrinsically motivated behaviours, intrinsically motivated behaviours are driven by enjoyment. 
B)  Compared with extrinsically motivated behaviours, intrinsically motivated behaviours are driven by external rewards. 
C)  Compared with extrinsically motivated behaviours, intrinsically motivated behaviours are driven by success. 
D)  Compared with extrinsically motivated behaviours, intrinsically motivated behaviours are driven by money.

Question 18

Distinguish between high and low self-monitors. How would a high self-monitor behave at work with his co-workers compared with at social gathering with his friends? How would a low self-monitor act in these two different situations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between high and low self-monitors. How...

Question 19

Deciding who or what is responsible for the outcome of a situation is known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a self-serving attribution 
B)  an attribution 
C)  self-knowledge 
D)  self-perception

Question 20

Children who are praised for their hard work, rather than their intelligence, are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  give up on tasks early on. 
B)  believe they are unintelligent. 
C)  seek out challenges. 
D)  avoid difficult tasks.

Exam 4: The Self