Question 1

Plato's "myth of the metals"

Accepted Answer

A)   can be interpreted as justification of social inferiority, superiority, and inequality as based on "God-given" attributes.
B)   is a tale of how social groups can successfully subordinate other social groups.
C)   persists today.
D)   All of these answers are correct. D

Question 2

Linguistic deficit theory locates the source of inequality in society and school performance in the

Accepted Answer

A)   income level of the individual.
B)   individual.
C)   power differences between different social groups.
D)   individual's home culture. D

Question 3

In the historical and socioeconomic political context, which of the following statements is true of American policies?

Accepted Answer

A)   They provide equitable access to opportunity.
B)   They specifically address and decrease implicit biases.
C)   They allow for equitable structural arrangements across schools.
D)   They disproportionately benefit White people. D

Question 4

Resistance theory might explain why compared to children from dominant culture group, most of the children not from the dominant culture

Accepted Answer

A)   typically resist all efforts to motivate them academically.
B)   are very resistant to dropping out of school, despite failing in much of their coursework.
C)   face resistance from the teachers when they seek extra help.
D)   often appear unmotivated in school and eventually drop out.

Question 5

Lee believes that a teacher who is committed to antiracist education

Accepted Answer

A)   must be committed also to thoroughly replacing existing curricula.
B)   will not likely remain in public schools.
C)   requires an ongoing process of reeducation away from racist norms and values.
D)   All of these answers are correct.

Question 6

Ron Edmonds's 1979 question "How many effective schools would you have to see to be persuaded of the educability of poor children?" reminds us that analysis of educational failure must focus primarily on

Accepted Answer

A)   the schools themselves.
B)   the home life of students.
C)   the interaction between the school culture and the students' cultures.
D)   All of these answers are correct.

Question 7

Robert's discussion of models of bilingual education reminds us that the resistance to bilingual education in the United States is based on

Accepted Answer

A)   the need for a single language for national unity and concerns about program costs.
B)   careful studies of research data on the effects of bilingual education.
C)   a desire to invest more in second language instruction for English speakers.
D)   a desire to protect the original language and culture of LEP students.

Question 8

Evidence presented in this chapter to support the claim that schools help subordinate certain groups on the basis of race, ethnicity, class, and gender includes

Accepted Answer

A)   the schools' devaluation of Black English Vernacular and of those who speak it.
B)   correlations between SAT scores and family income.
C)   examples of programs that succeed academically with students who would typically be expected to perform poorly.
D)   All of these answers are correct.

Question 9

Discuss your own understandings of the various types of bilingual education in practice today. Which of these approaches seems most meaningful to you, and why? How does your own personal experience with or feeling about bilingual education enter into your analysis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss your own understandings of the various...

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not consistent with the belief that IQ scores measure a general capacity to learn?

Accepted Answer

A)   Intelligence is largely genetically determined.
B)   The SAT is a reliable indicator of intellectual abilities.
C)   One's socioeconomic status is primarily based on one's talent and effort.
D)   None of these answers is correct.

Question 11

Ability grouping has been criticized because it

Accepted Answer

A)   is democratic and not beneficial to the capitalistic society.
B)   does not reflect the social class structure of the larger society.
C)   tends to restrict the entry of many students into opportunities for stimulating higher-order thinking.
D)   places individuals with similar ability together, creating a cooperative setting rather than a competitive one.

Question 12

In the context of feminist theory, which of the following was the reason a "gender-free" approach to education failed to equalize educational results?

Accepted Answer

A)   It adversely affected the performance of male students.
B)   It created a subtle form of social dominance of male students.
C)   It could not overcome the major policies of sex discrimination.
D)   It was rejected by female students.

Question 13

Which of the following factors is most likely to work against the success of low-income and minority students?

Accepted Answer

A)   Heterogeneous settings in schools
B)   Customized learning methods
C)   Ability grouping and tracking
D)   Cooperative settings in schools

Question 14

Compensatory education programs are most associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   classical liberalism.
B)   the cultural literacy perspective.
C)   cultural deficit theory.
D)   All of these answers are correct.

Question 15

The "genetic argument" has been used throughout the 20th century to

Accepted Answer

A)   rationalize the suppression of racial minorities.
B)   explain differences between social classes.
C)   illustrate inherent differences in intelligence based on ethnicity.
D)   All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following is a similarity between genetic inferiority theory and cultural deficit theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both attribute low performance to an individual's cultural inheritance.
B)   Both reflect a culturally pluralistic perspective.
C)   Both endorse an upper-class, nonscientific worldview.
D)   Both assume that individuals are responsible for their own destinies.

Question 17

The authors contend that individuals succeed or fail in our society not simply because of their native abilities and applied efforts, but importantly on the basis of their membership in one or more ethnic, gender, or economic groups. If this is true, what are the implications for teaching, learning, and schooling? Support your position with evidence and reasoned argument.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The authors contend that individuals succeed or...

Question 18

Resistance theory may be helpful in explaining a tendency among

Accepted Answer

A)   girls to perform below their skill levels in school.
B)   African American students to reject school norms.
C)   working-class White students to reject school norms.
D)   All of these answers are correct.

Question 19

Assimilationist educational approaches

Accepted Answer

A)   seek to preserve and celebrate the distinctive cultural heritage of students.
B)   seek to obliterate cultural differences among minority students.
C)   regard cultural differences as valuable contributions to the wider culture.
D)   None of these answers is correct.

Question 20

An important contribution that feminist theory has made to interpreting the relationship between gender and education is

Accepted Answer

A)   an increased curricular attention to the worth of traditionally feminine values.
B)   a significant increase in the percentage of males entering the teaching profession.
C)   equalizing the number of women and men in college professorships.
D)   All of these answers are correct.

Exam 13: Diversity and Equity Today: Meeting the Challenge