Question 1

The psychologists who developed the frustration?aggression hypothesis borrowed which of the following concepts from Freudian theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Projection 
B)  Death instinct 
C)  Reaction formation 
D)  Catharsis

Question 2

Sam is facing a difficult midterm exam and is feeling stressed out about it. As the exam date approaches and his anxiety increases, Sam starts thinking about ways to study more effectively. He schedules a large portion of time for active study of the material on the test so that he is prepared. In terms of coping, which of the following is Sam's strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance strategy 
B)  Emotion-focused strategy 
C)  Problem-focused strategy 
D)  Repression strategy

Question 3

In contrast to Freud's theory, object relations theorists

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on internal drives and conflicts. 
B)  are interested in the intellectual and emotional development of the infant. 
C)  are interested in an infant's relationship with his or her parents. 
D)  do not believe that children develop unconscious representations of significant objects in their environment.

Question 4

Studies with aggressive children find that these children have a lot of

Accepted Answer

A)  violent relatives. 
B)  stress and frustration in their lives. 
C)  independence at home. 
D)  friends.

Question 5

A four-category model of adult attachment styles divides people along which two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fear of abandonment and fear of closeness 
B)  Feelings about one's mother and feelings about one's father 
C)  Fear of closeness and fear of love 
D)  Images of one's self-worth and belief in one's abilities

Question 6

People with which kind of adult attachment style are least likely to fall in love?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secure 
B)  Anxious-ambivalent 
C)  Avoidant 
D)  Dependent

Question 7

Which of the following concepts did some of the developers of the original frustration-aggression hypothesis use to explain why frustrated people sometimes fail to show signs of aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction formation and displacement 
B)  Displacement and sublimation 
C)  Sublimation and denial 
D)  Repression and denial

Question 8

Karen Horney agreed with Freud that unconscious conflicts often trigger anxiety.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A man worries that his romantic partner does not really love him. He becomes demanding and sometimes overwhelming in his effort to secure his partner's love. The man probably has which kind of attachment style?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secure 
B)  Anxious-ambivalent 
C)  Avoidant 
D)  Dependent

Question 10

Participants in one study were either frustrated or not frustrated. They then were given what they thought was an opportunity to administer electric shocks to another person. Sometimes this other person was the one who had frustrated them, and sometimes it was a stranger. The researchers found that

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration increased aggression, but only against the person who frustrated the participants. 
B)  frustration increased aggression against both the person who had frustrated the participants and the stranger. 
C)  frustration led to an increase in aggression against the person who had frustrated the participants, but a decrease in aggression against the stranger. 
D)  frustration did not affect aggression levels in this experiment.

Question 11

According to the original frustration-aggression hypothesis, what is needed to reduce the likelihood of aggression in a frustrated person?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removal of the frustrating agent 
B)  Reduced awareness of the frustrating agent 
C)  Catharsis 
D)  Repression

Question 12

Under which circumstances might an emotion-focused strategy be more effective in reducing anxiety than a problem-focused strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the source of the anxiety is likely to last for a long time. 
B)  When the person does not possess the tools to correct the situation. 
C)  When the anxiety level is not particularly high. 
D)  When the person is very emotional.

Question 13

Individuals who see themselves as unworthy of love is characteristic of which of the following categories of adult attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secure 
B)  Avoidant 
C)  Dismissing 
D)  Fearful

Question 14

According to research on the frustration-aggression hypothesis, we would expect a frustrated man who is allowed to act aggressively to experience

Accepted Answer

A)  catharsis and reduce his aggression. 
B)  catharsis and increase his aggression. 
C)  no catharsis and reduce his aggression. 
D)  no catharsis and increase his aggression.

Question 15

Researchers in one study compared the responses of people when someone cut in front of them in line. The researchers expected more aggressive reactions when the people were near the front of the line than near the back of the line. The researchers were testing the effects of _______ on aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  crowd influence 
B)  modeling 
C)  arousal level 
D)  frustration

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frustration is one cause of aggression. 
B)  Frustrated people act more aggressively than nonfrustrated people. 
C)  Aggressive responses are more likely when a frustrated person is close to their goal. 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

Researchers have identified attachment styles that affect how people relate to romantic partners. According to attachment theory, these adult styles are primarily determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  differences in self-esteem. 
B)  adolescent relationships. 
C)  relationships with parents when the person was an infant. 
D)  inherited temperament.

Question 18

Research on frustration and aggression generally has found that

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration always leads to aggression. 
B)  frustration sometimes leads to aggression. 
C)  frustration rarely leads to aggression. 
D)  frustration always leads to aggression, but sometimes in indirect or displaced forms.

Question 19

Suppose you have a shy friend who gets anxious whenever there are popular people nearby. The anxiety is so bad that your friend cannot speak around others. Which form of anxiety is your friend most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reality anxiety 
B)  Neurotic anxiety 
C)  Moral anxiety 
D)  Superego anxiety

Question 20

Which of the following appears to happen when a frustrated person is allowed to act aggressively?

Accepted Answer

A)  His or her need to aggress against others is decreased. 
B)  He or she gets more aroused, thus increasing future aggression. 
C)  The tension release reinforces the aggression. 
D)  He or she becomes more inhibited about aggressing against people in the future.

Exam 6: Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research