Question 1

The ____ was developed to measure individual differences proposed by ___ _ .

Accepted Answer

A)   Rorschach inkblot test; Adler
B)   Rep Test; Kelly
C)   California Q-Sort; Kelly
D)   MMPI; Allport B

Question 2

Ricardo is writing a paper on the causes of aggression. If he does a good job, his paper will probably cover research on each of the following except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)   Frustration
B)   Observational learning
C)   Mass media violence
D)   Locus of control D

Question 3

Among the disadvantages of the case study method is

Accepted Answer

A)   the possibility of subjective judgments.
B)   the difficulty with determining relationships among variables.
C)   the difficulty of examining certain concepts experimentally.
D)   the problem of replicating a treatment. A

Question 4

A psychotherapist tries to get her depressed client to understand the logical process he uses when coming to the conclusion that he is a worthless person. This psychologist probably is an advocate of which approach to psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Psychoanalysis
B)   Humanistic psychotherapy
C)   Behavior therapy
D)   Rational emotive behavior therapy

Question 5

Many of the approaches to understanding personality have generated or been associated with schools of psychotherapy. An exception to this pattern is the

Accepted Answer

A)   neo-Freudian approach.
B)   trait approach.
C)   behavioral/social learning approach.
D)   humanistic approach.

Question 6

One issue that separates personality theories is the extent to which people are seen as acting on their own "free will." The two theories that most differ on this issue are probably

Accepted Answer

A)   Freudian theory and evolutionary personality theory.
B)   behaviorism and humanistic personality theory.
C)   the trait approach and the cognitive approach.
D)   behaviorism and social learning theory.

Question 7

Louis wants to understand the effects of watching violence on television. Which approach to personality would probably be the most useful for him to examine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Freudian
B)   Biological
C)   Behavioral/social learning
D)   Cognitive

Question 8

Which theorist emphasized the importance of development during childhood and adolescent years?

Accepted Answer

A)   Erikson
B)   Eysenck
C)   Skinner
D)   Kelly

Question 9

Projective tests like _______ remain immensely popular measures of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   the Rorschach
B)   the Bem
C)   the MMPI
D)   the Q-sort

Question 10

Which two theorists are most alike in their approach to understanding personality?

Accepted Answer

A)   Freud and Skinner
B)   Skinner and Rogers
C)   Freud and Jung
D)   Maslow and Eysenck

Question 11

One of the statistical tools available to personality researchers is the correlation coefficient. Research on which topic has relied most heavily on this statistic?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dream interpretation
B)   Big Five factors
C)   Learned helplessness
D)   Schemas

Question 12

Each of the following theorists except one wrote about a case study that was reported in the textbook. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)   Freud
B)   Allport
C)   Eysenck
D)   Watson

Question 13

Based on research findings, we can say that the characteristics and behaviors of people high in social anxiety are most similar to the characteristics and behaviors of people

Accepted Answer

A)   high in introversion.
B)   low in self-esteem.
C)   with an external locus of control.
D)   high in femininity.

Question 14

The personality theory developed by ___ later led to empirical research on ___ .

Accepted Answer

A)   Eysenck; Type A
B)   Kelly; attributions
C)   Murray; need for Achievement
D)   Adler; hypnosis

Question 15

Summarize the current status of each of the major theoretical approaches to personality. Specify which continue in popularity and which are in decline. With which do you most agree? Support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the current status of each of...

Question 16

According to some researchers, the reason studies don't always find a relationship between Type A behavior and health problems may be that

Accepted Answer

A)   only some of the behaviors within the Type A pattern are related to health problems.
B)   researchers are doing a better job of measuring Type A today.
C)   people have become aware of the causes of heart attacks in recent years and have taken actions to prevent them.
D)   people today are working to reduce stress in their lives.

Question 17

Which approach to personality probably has seen the greatest increase in interest among personality psychologists during the past decade?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neo-Freudian
B)   Trait
C)   Biological
D)   Humanistic

Question 18

Which of the following is a situation factor in predicting aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Past experiences
B)   Attitudes
C)   Genetic predisposition
D)   Noises and visual cues

Question 19

Researchers have found consistent gender differences when comparing males and females on the extent to which they

Accepted Answer

A)   respond to hypnotic suggestions.
B)   dream about males and females.
C)   are extraverted or introverted.
D)   experience learned helplessness.

Question 20

Suppose a researcher finds the events that make people anxious vary tremendously from culture to culture. Which theory would probably be the least able to account for this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Horney's theory
B)   evolutionary personality theory
C)   behaviorism
D)   social learning theory

Exam 17: General Questions

The __ was developed to measure individual differences proposed by _ _ .