Question 1

In dream research, sleepers are sometimes awakened when __________ indicates they are probably dreaming.

Accepted Answer

A)  a physiological measure 
B)  respiration rate 
C)  the time of night 
D)  none of the above

Question 2

Sammy is twelve years old. Which of the following defense mechanisms is he likely to resort to when dealing with anxiety-provoking situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denial 
B)  Projection 
C)  Identification 
D)  Sublimation

Question 3

According to one explanation of hypnosis, the superego forms a new subsystem when a person is under hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

One problem researchers have had in finding experimental evidence in support of Freud's theory of humor is that

Accepted Answer

A)  many of the findings are subject to alternative explanations. 
B)  predictions can't be derived from Freud's theory. 
C)  very few, if any, of the findings have been replicated. 
D)  researchers are unable to manipulate the participant's unconscious thoughts.

Question 5

Which of the following is false about sexual jokes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud suggested we laugh at sexual jokes to reduce tension. 
B)  Jokes are often tolerated when open discussions of sex are inappropriate. 
C)  Most sexually oriented jokes contain a great deal of humor. 
D)  Freud argued that the humor content of a sexual joke rarely justifies the laughter.

Question 6

When researchers asked people to rate cartoons for funniness, they found that

Accepted Answer

A)  each participant experienced a cathartic release of tension. 
B)  cartoons with sexual and aggressive themes were rated as funnier than cartoons with other themes. 
C)  the likelihood of participants acting aggressively significantly increased. 
D)  funniness ratings were inconsistent with predictions from Freudian theory.

Question 7

One function of dreams that Freud maintained was they provide a safe and healthy outlet for expressing aggressive desires.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Each person relies more on some defense mechanisms and less on others when the ego is threatened. Psychologists refer to this contrast as differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  defensive style. 
B)  ego strength. 
C)  preferred id impulses. 
D)  mental health.

Question 9

Some psychoanalytic researchers have argued that dreams represent unresolved conflicts. As evidence for this interpretation, they point to

Accepted Answer

A)  how much more men sleep than women. 
B)  the results of sleep-deprivation studies. 
C)  recurrent dreams. 
D)  how much babies dream compared to adults.

Question 10

Give a description of your own of the defense mechanisms used by children and contrast them with those used by adults. Give examples of different individual differences in defense mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give a description of your own of...

Question 11

When people have dreams about falling or being chased that they have dreamed before, we call these dreams

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious. 
B)  paradoxical. 
C)  surreal. 
D)  recurrent.

Question 12

Whether use of a defense mechanism is adaptive or maladaptive often depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the user's age. 
B)  whether the user distorts reality. 
C)  whether the user is aware of the defense mechanism. 
D)  the user's gender.

Question 13

Based on research findings, which of the following defense mechanisms would we expect to find children use most frequently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denial 
B)  Identification 
C)  Reaction formation 
D)  Sublimation

Question 14

Write about a dream you have had and give an example of a psychoanalytic interpretation of it. Why do people dream, according to Freud? Summarize the research findings on dreams that challenge Freud's theory of dreaming.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write about a dream you have had...

Question 15

How responsive you are to hypnotic suggestions

Accepted Answer

A)  depends largely on how good the hypnotist is. 
B)  is fairly stable over time, like a personality trait. 
C)  changes with your amount of experience with hypnosis. 
D)  can be predicted from personality trait measures like intelligence and extraversion.

Question 16

In dream research, sleepers are sometimes awakened when physiological measures indicate they are probably dreaming.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

According to Freud, the content of our dreams reveals

Accepted Answer

A)  what has been on our mind when we are awake. 
B)  implicit punishments and rewards. 
C)  unconscious conflicts and desires. 
D)  what we value the most about ourselves.

Question 18

Researchers draw a distinction between defense mechanisms and coping strategies, in that defense mechanisms are ________ whereas coping strategies are _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative; positive 
B)  ineffective; effective 
C)  innate; learned 
D)  unconscious; conscious

Question 19

Which of the following defense mechanisms is said to protect the individual by attributing unacceptable thoughts to someone else?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sublimation 
B)  Reaction formation 
C)  Denial 
D)  Projection

Question 20

Which of the following has been found effective for improving a person's hypnotic responsiveness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Finding a compatible hypnotist 
B)  Giving the subject more experience with hypnosis 
C)  Changing the subject's expectancy to one of active involvement and response 
D)  Changing the subject's personality

Exam 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

In dream research, sleepers are sometimes awakened when __________ indicates they are probably dreaming.

Sammy is twelve years old. Which of the following defense mechanisms is he likely to resort to when dealing with anxiety-provoking situations?

According to one explanation of hypnosis, the superego forms a new subsystem when a person is under hypnosis.

One problem researchers have had in finding experimental evidence in support of Freud's theory of humor is that

Which of the following is false about sexual jokes?

When researchers asked people to rate cartoons for funniness, they found that

One function of dreams that Freud maintained was they provide a safe and healthy outlet for expressing aggressive desires.

Each person relies more on some defense mechanisms and less on others when the ego is threatened. Psychologists refer to this contrast as differences in

Some psychoanalytic researchers have argued that dreams represent unresolved conflicts. As evidence for this interpretation, they point to

Give a description of your own of the defense mechanisms used by children and contrast them with those used by adults. Give examples of different individual differences in defense mechanisms.

When people have dreams about falling or being chased that they have dreamed before, we call these dreams

Whether use of a defense mechanism is adaptive or maladaptive often depends on

Based on research findings, which of the following defense mechanisms would we expect to find children use most frequently?

Write about a dream you have had and give an example of a psychoanalytic interpretation of it. Why do people dream, according to Freud? Summarize the research findings on dreams that challenge Freud's theory of dreaming.

How responsive you are to hypnotic suggestions

In dream research, sleepers are sometimes awakened when physiological measures indicate they are probably dreaming.

According to Freud, the content of our dreams reveals

Researchers draw a distinction between defense mechanisms and coping strategies, in that defense mechanisms are whereas coping strategies are _.

Which of the following defense mechanisms is said to protect the individual by attributing unacceptable thoughts to someone else?

Which of the following has been found effective for improving a person's hypnotic responsiveness?