Question 1

Which of the following statements about dominant and recessive diseases is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who inherit the dominant allele rarely develop the disorder. 
B)  Males are more likely than females to inherit recessive disorders carried on the autosomes. 
C)  Only rarely are serious diseases due to dominant alleles. 
D)  The recessive allele has no effect on the individual's characteristics.

Question 2

Marcus, a cooperative, attentive child, receives more patient and sensitive interactions from his parents than they give to Erica, his distractible, inattentive sister. This is an example of a(n) __________ gene-environment correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive 
B)  evocative 
C)  active 
D)  dynamic

Question 3

Gametes

Accepted Answer

A)  are formed during mitosis. 
B)  contain only 23 chromosomes. 
C)  contain 46 chromosomes. 
D)  determine directly observable characteristics.

Question 4

Which of the following children is least likely to participate in community-center enrichment activities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meagan, who lives in a stimulating home 
B)  Francois, who lives in a middle-income neighborhood 
C)  Chantel, who lives in a chaotic neighborhood 
D)  Lucius, who lives in an affluent neighborhood

Question 5

Which of the following is a major cause of the dramatic rise in fraternal twinning and other multiple births in industrialized nations over the past several decades?

Accepted Answer

A)  global warming 
B)  older maternal age 
C)  late fertilization of the ovum 
D)  variation in oxygen levels

Question 6

Dr. Dimera is interested in measuring the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors. When conducting research, Dr. Dimera will most likely rely on

Accepted Answer

A)  heritability estimates. 
B)  epigenesis. 
C)  methylation. 
D)  gene-environment correlation.

Question 7

When a harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome,

Accepted Answer

A)  females are more likely to be affected. 
B)  males are more likely to be affected. 
C)  50 percent of the female children are likely to have the disorder. 
D)  50 percent of the male children are likely to be carriers of the disorder.

Question 8

Niche-picking is an example of a(n) __________ gene-environment correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive 
B)  evocative 
C)  active 
D)  dynamic

Question 9

One of the most frequently occurring recessive disorders is

Accepted Answer

A)  phenylketonuria (PKU). 
B)  Huntington disease. 
C)  Marfan syndrome. 
D)  Down syndrome.

Question 10

In diverse cultures around the world, __________ in particular fosters patterns of thinking and behaving that greatly improve quality of life, for both parents and children.

Accepted Answer

A)  education of women 
B)  collectivism 
C)  living near extended family 
D)  having one stay-at-home parent

Question 11

Compared to the United States, most Western European countries place greater weight on

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism. 
B)  independence. 
C)  familism. 
D)  collectivism.

Question 12

Angela and Tony's first child died in infancy. They badly want to have another child but are worried about Angela's family history of genetic disorders. They want to find out if Angela is a carrier. Angela and Tony are candidates for

Accepted Answer

A)  in vitro fertilization. 
B)  genetic counseling. 
C)  donor insemination. 
D)  amniocentesis.

Question 13

Characteristics that vary on a continuum among people, such as height, weight, and intelligence, are due to __________ inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A)  X-linked 
B)  polygenic 
C)  dominant-recessive 
D)  paternal

Question 14

Twenty-two of the 23 pairs of chromosomes are matching pairs called

Accepted Answer

A)  sex chromosomes. 
B)  XX. 
C)  autosomes. 
D)  XY.

Question 15

Generally, human __________ come in 23 matching pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomes 
B)  phenotypes 
C)  cells 
D)  genotypes

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the Convention on the Rights of the Child is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The United States was one of the first countries in the world whose legislature ratified it. 
B)  Opponents maintain that its provisions would shift the burden of child rearing from the state to the family. 
C)  Although it includes the right to freedom of thought, it does not include the right to a free compulsory education. 
D)  The United States is one of only two countries in the world whose legislature has not yet ratified it.

Question 17

According to the concept of epigenesis,

Accepted Answer

A)  development results from ongoing, bidirectional exchanges between heredity and all levels of the environment. 
B)  children's genetic makeup causes them to receive, evoke, and seek experiences that actualize their inborn tendencies. 
C)  heredity restricts the development of some characteristics to just one or a few outcomes. 
D)  children's genetic inheritance constrains their responsiveness to varying environments.

Question 18

In incomplete dominance,

Accepted Answer

A)  both alleles are expressed in the phenotype. 
B)  children have a 25 percent chance of being carriers. 
C)  children have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the disorder. 
D)  one allele is expressed in the phenotype.

Question 19

Donor insemination

Accepted Answer

A)  is commonly used to overcome female reproductive difficulties. 
B)  involves giving a woman hormones that stimulate the ripening of several ova. 
C)  permits women without a male partner to become pregnant. 
D)  is used to treat women whose fallopian tubes are permanently damaged.

Question 20

Each rung of the DNA ladder

Accepted Answer

A)  is made up of thousands of chromosomes. 
B)  contains 20,000 genes. 
C)  consists of a pair of chemical substances called bases. 
D)  contains 23 matching pairs.

Exam 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations