Question 1

The fact that reading disorders occur most often in English-speaking individuals may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative difficulty of English. 
B)  differences in left-brain dominance across cultures. 
C)  differences in right-brain dominance across cultures. 
D)  different educational practices across cultures.

Question 2

________ is presumed to be the cause of approximately 75% of cases of intellectual disability .

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromosome-related retardation 
B)  Cultural/familial retardation 
C)  Neurobiological retardation 
D)  none of the above

Question 3

Medications such as Ritalin and Concerta that are generally used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)have proven to be helpful to ___ of ADHD patients.

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  50% 
C)  70% 
D)  90%

Question 4

A learning disorder is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement in reading, writing, or math below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and education. 
B)  achievement in any academic subject below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and education. 
C)  substandard IQ score in comparison to the individual's family and educational background. 
D)  the existence of a neurological deficit that interferes with the individual's ability to assimilate new information.

Question 5

One of the most common reasons that children are referred for mental health services in the United States is ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADHD 
B)  autism 
C)  pervasive developmental disorder 
D)  stuttering

Question 6

The three major characteristics of autism include all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impairment in social interactions 
B)  Restricted behavior, interests, and activities 
C)  Impairment in communication 
D)  Significant loss of previously acquired skills

Question 7

The major reason that developmental disorders are considered to be so serious in terms of their capacity to disrupt later functioning is

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that medications used in children can have long-term effects. 
B)  the impact that they have on family functioning. 
C)  that the purely biological nature of developmental disorders leads to subsequent developmental failures. 
D)  that failure to develop at one level is thought to inhibit later stages of development.

Question 8

While the risk of having an autistic child is approximately .0002 to .0005% for the general population,the risk for parents of an autistic child that another child will be autistic is

Accepted Answer

A)  the same .0002 to .0005% since there is no known genetic component. 
B)  .002% to .005%. 
C)  about 1%. 
D)  5% to 10%.

Question 9

The goal of most modern therapy for autistic children is to

Accepted Answer

A)  have the child and family accept the inherent limitations of the disorder. 
B)  provide a separate and secure environment for the individual. 
C)  integrate the autistic child into regular society as much as possible. 
D)  isolate autistic children in intensive therapy for as long as possible before attempting to introduce them into the larger world.

Question 10

Describe autism and Asperger's disorders,and discuss why the term "pervasive" is used in their description.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe autism and Asperger's disorders,and discuss why...

Question 11

Christina,the child with autism on the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD,is described as communicating with her teachers by ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pictures 
B)  gestures 
C)  tantrums 
D)  simple words

Question 12

Characteristics of autistic disorder include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Significant impact on social interactions and communication 
B)  Restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity 
C)  Repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior 
D)  All of the above

Question 13

The incidence of a child being born with Down syndrome to a mother at age 35 is 1 in 500 births.The risk at maternal age 45 is 1 in ___ births.

Accepted Answer

A)  1,000 
B)  500 
C)  100 
D)  18

Question 14

Down syndrome is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  an extra 21st chromosome. 
B)  a missing 21st chromosome. 
C)  lack of oxygen at birth. 
D)  unknown influences.

Question 15

Individuals with intellectual disability show extremely

Accepted Answer

A)  similar range of abilities and personalities. 
B)  similar range of abilities, although personality varies greatly. 
C)  broad range of abilities and personalities. 
D)  varied ranges of abilities, although personality tends to be quite similar.

Question 16

Which treatment approach has been most clearly documented as benefitting children with problems with communication and socialization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pharmacological treatment 
B)  Behavioral approaches 
C)  School education 
D)  Parent support

Question 17

Prenatal gene therapy refers to the future possibility of using genetic techniques to

Accepted Answer

A)  detect intellectual disability before birth. 
B)  intervene in brain development prior to birth. 
C)  counsel parents about their risks of having a child with intellectual disability. 
D)  avoid misdiagnosing intellectual disability .

Question 18

Which of the following disorders is the most common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder 
B)  Childhood disintegrative disorder 
C)  Rett's disorder 
D)  Autism

Question 19

Currently,the technology of gene therapy for intellectual disability is

Accepted Answer

A)  a viable treatment for only a small number of cases. 
B)  a potentially effective treatment, but the risks must be evaluated carefully. 
C)  considered unethical. 
D)  in the research stage only.

Question 20

Recent research has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  ADHD is found equally among boys and girls. 
B)  ADHD is caused by a single gene called DAT 1. 
C)  the brain of children with ADHD is 3% to 4% smaller than children without ADHD. 
D)  all of the above

Exam 14: Developmental Disorders