Question 1

From "Benefits for Nonhomophobic Societies: An Anthropological Perspective" by Walter L. Williams
Williams discusses attitudes toward homosexuality/androgyny in cross-cultural perspective. Unlike in the contemporary U.S., many other societies show an appreciation for this type of diversity, and, critically, it leads to meaningful contributions for society across a variety of substantive/institutional contexts including the family, child rearing, and friendship.
-Examining a wide range of societies allows Williams to conclude:

Accepted Answer

A)   American society needs a socialist revolution
B)   More gays need to have power in American society
C)   Attitudes toward the same phenomenon may differ widely
D)   Homosexuality may be genetically caused. C

Question 2

From "Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations" by Joan Acker
Acker discusses the "gendering" of women's work in organizations. This gendering is associated with patriarchal-based forms of inequality and oppression in the kind of work women do and its attendant rewards. The author views this gendering as, historically, a product of the gender-neutral rendering of stratification-based organizational dynamics.
-Which of the following is not an aspect of de-gendered organizational analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Abstract jobs
B)   Abstract notions of socioeconomic inequality
C)   Gender-neutral systems of work control
D)   Hegemonic masculine systems of domination. B

Question 3

From "Comparative Gender Stratification" by Joan Huber
The piece by Huber speculates about the causal factors that produce levels of gender inequality across modes of subsistence such as herding, hunting and gathering, and horticultural societies that characterize premodern societies. Huber argues that within these modes of subsistence central actors include interacting between work, war, and childbearing.
-Which of the following is not associated with a rise in gender inequality?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increasing warfare
B)   The invention of metallurgy
C)   Increases in women's rights
D)   All of the above. C

Question 4

From "Comparative Gender Stratification" by Joan Huber
The piece by Huber speculates about the causal factors that produce levels of gender inequality across modes of subsistence such as herding, hunting and gathering, and horticultural societies that characterize premodern societies. Huber argues that within these modes of subsistence central actors include interacting between work, war, and childbearing.
-How is "population maintenance" related to gender inequality across modes of subsistence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of From "Comparative Gender Stratification" by Joan Huber
The...

Question 5

From The Gendered Society by Michael Kimmel
Kimmel bring historic and anthropological findings to bear on cultural/social variation in the dynamics of gender, namely, how it is defined, levels of inequality, the extent of the gendered division of labor, and the determinants of women's status in society. This piece provides support for a cultural/social rather than a biological interpretation of gender as a unit of differentiation in society.
-Discuss evidence presented by Kimmel that there is considerable variation in definitions of gender.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From The Gendered Society by Michael Kimmel
Kimmel...

Question 6

"The Gender Pay Gap: Have Women Gone As Far As They Can?" by Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn
The authors examine trends in the rate and causes of the gender wage gap. Progress in closing the gap waxed and waned across time, with the gap narrowing in the 1980s, increasing in the 1990s, and, again, narrowing in the early 2000s. The causes of the gap appear to be fairly consistent with a combination of human capital and basic socio-demographic factors both playing a role, though their respective roles differ across time.
-Which one of the following has not been considered to be a cause of the gender wage gap?

Accepted Answer

A)   Physical differences between men and women
B)   Average work experience
C)   the concentration of men in career-oriented fields
D)   Segregation of women in jobs.

Question 7

"The Gender Pay Gap: Have Women Gone As Far As They Can?" by Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn
The authors examine trends in the rate and causes of the gender wage gap. Progress in closing the gap waxed and waned across time, with the gap narrowing in the 1980s, increasing in the 1990s, and, again, narrowing in the early 2000s. The causes of the gap appear to be fairly consistent with a combination of human capital and basic socio-demographic factors both playing a role, though their respective roles differ across time.
-What is "human capital" and how important is it in explaining the gender wage gap?

Accepted Answer

The answer of "The Gender Pay Gap: Have Women Gone...

Question 8

From "Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations" by Joan Acker
Acker discusses the "gendering" of women's work in organizations. This gendering is associated with patriarchal-based forms of inequality and oppression in the kind of work women do and its attendant rewards. The author views this gendering as, historically, a product of the gender-neutral rendering of stratification-based organizational dynamics.
-What does the author mean when saying organizations are a "gendered process"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of From "Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of...

Question 9

From Masculinities by R. W. Connell
The author puts forward a theoretically-based "social constructionist" account of gender. This account is predicated on understanding gender relationally and culturally, and is intimately tied into the structure of violence and domination creating "social practices" that define the parameters and substance of gender categories.
-How, according to Connell, is gender a product of "crisis tendencies"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of From Masculinities by R. W. Connell
The author...

Question 10

From "Benefits for Nonhomophobic Societies: An Anthropological Perspective" by Walter L. Williams
Williams discusses attitudes toward homosexuality/androgyny in cross-cultural perspective. Unlike in the contemporary U.S., many other societies show an appreciation for this type of diversity, and, critically, it leads to meaningful contributions for society across a variety of substantive/institutional contexts including the family, child rearing, and friendship.
-Discuss the benefits for friendship that derive from being more open and tolerant toward homosexuality/androgyny.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From "Benefits for Nonhomophobic Societies: An Anthropological...

Question 11

From "Doing Gender" by Candace West and Don H. Zimmerman
The authors attempt to reconceptualize gender as a routine and recurring phenomenon grounded in social practices of everyday life. Their perspective involves analyzing gender as a complex of socially guided perceptual, interactional, and micropolitical activities that cast pursuits as manifestations of masculine and feminine "natures."
-Which of the following does not constitute a social practice within the authors' formulation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Segregation at work
B)   Sports participation
C)   Distribution of power
D)   Average height and size differences across sex groups.

Question 12

From "Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations" by Joan Acker
Acker discusses the "gendering" of women's work in organizations. This gendering is associated with patriarchal-based forms of inequality and oppression in the kind of work women do and its attendant rewards. The author views this gendering as, historically, a product of the gender-neutral rendering of stratification-based organizational dynamics.
-Discuss what the author means when saying that early work on gender by sociologists such as Kanter and Ferguson were limited because they worked on the assumption that organizations are gender-neutral phenomena.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From "Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of...

Question 13

From Masculinities by R. W. Connell
The author puts forward a theoretically-based "social constructionist" account of gender. This account is predicated on understanding gender relationally and culturally, and is intimately tied into the structure of violence and domination creating "social practices" that define the parameters and substance of gender categories.
-According to Connell, a "relational" approach to gender encompasses:

Accepted Answer

A)   Hegemony
B)   Subordination
C)   Complicity
D)   All of the above.

Question 14

"The Gender Pay Gap: Have Women Gone As Far As They Can?" by Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn
The authors examine trends in the rate and causes of the gender wage gap. Progress in closing the gap waxed and waned across time, with the gap narrowing in the 1980s, increasing in the 1990s, and, again, narrowing in the early 2000s. The causes of the gap appear to be fairly consistent with a combination of human capital and basic socio-demographic factors both playing a role, though their respective roles differ across time.
-How much does the differential allocation in occupations and industry explain the gender wage gap?

Accepted Answer

The answer of "The Gender Pay Gap: Have Women Gone...

Question 15

From The Gendered Society by Michael Kimmel
Kimmel bring historic and anthropological findings to bear on cultural/social variation in the dynamics of gender, namely, how it is defined, levels of inequality, the extent of the gendered division of labor, and the determinants of women's status in society. This piece provides support for a cultural/social rather than a biological interpretation of gender as a unit of differentiation in society.
-How, according to Kimmel, does circumcision constitute a ritual that is associated with male domination over women?

Accepted Answer

The answer of From The Gendered Society by Michael Kimmel
Kimmel...

Question 16

From "Doing Gender" by Candace West and Don H. Zimmerman
The authors attempt to reconceptualize gender as a routine and recurring phenomenon grounded in social practices of everyday life. Their perspective involves analyzing gender as a complex of socially guided perceptual, interactional, and micropolitical activities that cast pursuits as manifestations of masculine and feminine "natures."
-Discuss how the authors incorporate "accountability" into the analysis of gender.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From "Doing Gender" by Candace West and...

Question 17

From "Hierarchies, Jobs, Bodies: A Theory of Gendered Organizations" by Joan Acker
Acker discusses the "gendering" of women's work in organizations. This gendering is associated with patriarchal-based forms of inequality and oppression in the kind of work women do and its attendant rewards. The author views this gendering as, historically, a product of the gender-neutral rendering of stratification-based organizational dynamics.
-Which of the following is an example of the gendering of occupations in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

A)   The devaluation of work that women do
B)   The valuation of men's body type
C)   A and B
D)   Neither A or B.

Question 18

From Masculinities by R. W. Connell
The author puts forward a theoretically-based "social constructionist" account of gender. This account is predicated on understanding gender relationally and culturally, and is intimately tied into the structure of violence and domination creating "social practices" that define the parameters and substance of gender categories.
-What does Connell mean when he says that gender is a "structure of social practice"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of From Masculinities by R. W. Connell
The author...

Question 19

From The Gendered Society by Michael Kimmel
Kimmel bring historic and anthropological findings to bear on cultural/social variation in the dynamics of gender, namely, how it is defined, levels of inequality, the extent of the gendered division of labor, and the determinants of women's status in society. This piece provides support for a cultural/social rather than a biological interpretation of gender as a unit of differentiation in society.
-According to Kimmel, which of the following is alleged to explain gender inequality in the economic division of labor:

Accepted Answer

A)   Rise of feudalism
B)   Rise of wage labor
C)   Rise of domestic households
D)   None of the above.

Question 20

From "Doing Gender" by Candace West and Don H. Zimmerman
The authors attempt to reconceptualize gender as a routine and recurring phenomenon grounded in social practices of everyday life. Their perspective involves analyzing gender as a complex of socially guided perceptual, interactional, and micropolitical activities that cast pursuits as manifestations of masculine and feminine "natures."
-Discuss the authors' "social doings" approach to gender.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From "Doing Gender" by Candace West and...

Exam 3: Status Section B: Gender and Sexuality