Question 1

Emily is chosen as Student of the Day. Gretel is angry that she was not selected, and she calls Emily a "do-do head." This is an example of ______________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  hostile 
B)  instrumental 
C)  passive 
D)  relational

Question 2

One strategy that has been quite effective in preventing child abuse is to

Accepted Answer

A)  teach child development in the regular high school curriculum. 
B)  provide home visitation with a cognitive problem-solving component. 
C)  arrest child abusers and make sure they serve long sentences. 
D)  remove children from abusive home.

Question 3

Rachel tells her friends, "Don't play with Jaynie. She dresses funny." This is an example of ________ aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  hostile 
B)  instrumental 
C)  passive 
D)  relational

Question 4

__________ commit the vast majority of child abuse incidents.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonparental family members 
B)  Child-care workers 
C)  Parents 
D)  Stepparents and foster parents

Question 5

With age, preschoolers' conflicts center less on _______ and more on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ideas; toys 
B)  attitudes; resources 
C)  differences of opinion; toys 
D)  resources; differences of opinion

Question 6

Three-year-old Sara says, "I have three dolls. I have brown hair. I made a tall tower." This demonstrates that Sara is beginning to develop

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem. 
B)  a self-concept. 
C)  a gender identity. 
D)  gender typing.

Question 7

Physical abuse accounts for ____ percent of reported cases of child maltreatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  40

Question 8

The fact that children ________ provides evidence that Freud's account of conscience development is inaccurate.

Accepted Answer

A)  whose parents frequently use threats or physical force tend to feel little guilt following transgressions 
B)  whose parents frequently use threats or physical force tend to feel overwhelming guilt when they violate standards 
C)  who feel little guilt frequently have loving and nurturing parents 
D)  who grow up in abusive households tend to violate standards infrequently

Question 9

Nicki Crick and Kenneth Dodge's circular model showing the steps of social problem solving takes a(n) ________________ approach to conflict resolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Piagetian 
B)  information-processing 
C)  Vygotskian 
D)  ethological

Question 10

In the United States, _____ percent of television programs between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m. contain violent scenes.

Accepted Answer

A)  7 
B)  17 
C)  37 
D)  57

Question 11

Which of the following uses of punishment is the most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mr. Allen tells his son that he is using punishment as a last resort. 
B)  Mrs. Vello allows her children to act inappropriately from time to time but scolds them at other times. 
C)  Mr. Reilly uses punishment in public because his daughter is very embarrassed by being scolded around others. 
D)  Mrs. Seldon, a warm parent, uses mild punishment consistently and provides reasons for the punishment.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proactive aggression rises over early and middle childhood and then declines steadily from adolescence to early adulthood. 
B)  Although girls have a reputation for being both verbally and relationally more aggressive than boys, the sex difference is small. 
C)  As soon as preschoolers are aware of gender stereotypes, physical aggression drops off more sharply for boys than for girls. 
D)  Parents respond far more negatively to physical fighting in boys than they do in girls.

Question 13

Describe authoritative child rearing and explain what makes it effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe authoritative child rearing and explain what...

Question 14

For Erikson, the negative outcome of early childhood is an overly

Accepted Answer

A)  strict superego. 
B)  lenient id. 
C)  strict ego. 
D)  lenient ego.

Question 15

Silas and Jake are engaged in a conflict over a ball on the playground. Jake grabs the ball away. Silas hits Jake. Jake runs crying to the nearest adult. Silas and Jake are probably _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  6 
C)  8 
D)  9

Question 16

When portraying an emotion they do not feel, children of all ages find it easier to act _______ than _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  sad; pleased 
B)  pleased; angry 
C)  disgusted; pleased 
D)  angry; pleased

Question 17

Amelia, age 4, has an intense fear of the dark. Her parents question her and determine that Amelia is very afraid of monsters and ghosts. What advice can you give Amelia's parents to help her manage her fears?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Amelia, age 4, has an intense fear...

Question 18

Angie's parents encourage her to express her thoughts, feelings, and desires. They make reasonable demands for her maturity and consistently enforce and explain them. Angie's parents have a(n) ___________ style of child rearing.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritative 
B)  authoritarian 
C)  permissive 
D)  uninvolved

Question 19

When her two sons fight over rights and possessions, Laura allows the boys to negotiate and work out their first ideas about justice and fairness. She then talks to them warmly and discusses moral issues with them. As a result, Laura's sons will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  have advanced moral thinking. 
B)  rarely fight with each other. 
C)  tend toward physical, rather than verbal, aggression in fights. 
D)  experience feelings of frustration and be delayed in moral reasoning.

Question 20

Research on biological influences on gender typing reveals that

Accepted Answer

A)  sex differences in play and personality traits only appear in Western cultures. 
B)  aggression preference for same-sex playmates is widespread among mammalian species. 
C)  preschool girls prefer to play in larger-group play with other girls, while boys prefer to play in pairs. 
D)  prenatally administered androgens decrease active play.

Exam 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood