Question 1

Behavioral geneticists

Accepted Answer

A)   have identified the variations in DNA sequences associated with most psychological disorders.
B)   argue that the effects of the environment account for only a small amount of variation in behavior.
C)   are still limited to investigating the impact of genes on complex characteristics indirectly.
D)   have identified the genes that underlie most polygenic traits, such as intelligence and personality. C

Question 2

Most adopted children

Accepted Answer

A)   fare well and make rapid progress.
B)   have persistent cognitive delays.
C)   suffer from severe emotional problems.
D)   have persistent social problems. A

Question 3

Except for ____________, prenatal diagnosis should not be used routinely, since other methods have some chance of injuring the developing organism.

Accepted Answer

A)   maternal blood analysis
B)   amniocentesis
C)   chorionic villus sampling
D)   ultrasound A

Question 4

The nucleus of a cell contains

Accepted Answer

A)   karotypes.
B)   chromosomes.
C)   genotypes.
D)   phenotypes.

Question 5

Niche-picking helps us understand why ____________ pairs report similar stressful life events influenced by personal decisions and actions more often than other pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)   same-sex fraternal twin
B)   other-sex fraternal twin
C)   identical twin
D)   adopted sibling

Question 6

____________ tends to increase as cultures become more complex.

Accepted Answer

A)   Collectivism
B)   Interdependence
C)   Individualism
D)   Social harmony

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about sex differences?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rates of miscarriage are higher for girls, while rates of birth defects are higher for boys.
B)   Rates of miscarriage, mental retardation, and birth defects are all higher for girls.
C)   Worldwide, about 106 girls are born for every 100 boys.
D)   Rates of miscarriage, mental retardation, and birth defects are all higher for boys.

Question 8

Which of the following individuals is most likely to have fraternal twins?

Accepted Answer

A)   Marlie, a 25-year-old Caucasian American
B)   Janie, a 30-year-old Caucasian American
C)   Jessi, a 30-year-old Asian American
D)   Rhoda, a 30-year-old African American

Question 9

Which of the following is true about how the United States ranks on key measures of children's health and well-being?

Accepted Answer

A)   The United States ranks in the top 10 on most key measures of children's health.
B)   The United States ranks higher than Poland and Germany on the childhood poverty indicator.
C)   The United States ranks higher than Canada in public expenditure on children's healthcare.
D)   The United States does not rank well on any key measure of children's health and well-being.

Question 10

A behavior that is strongly canalized

Accepted Answer

A)   is easily modified by environmental conditions.
B)   varies greatly with changes in the environment.
C)   develops similarly in a wide range of environments.
D)   influences the environment to which the individual is exposed.

Question 11

In the United States, affordable child care is

Accepted Answer

A)   usually high in quality.
B)   fairly easy to find.
C)   in short supply.
D)   the norm.

Question 12

In power and breadth of influence, no other microsystem context equals the

Accepted Answer

A)   school.
B)   church.
C)   family.
D)   peer group.

Question 13

The average life expectancy of a North American with sickle cell anemia is

Accepted Answer

A)   18.
B)   35.
C)   55.
D)   62.

Question 14

DNA duplicates itself during

Accepted Answer

A)   mitosis.
B)   osmosis.
C)   meiosis.
D)   gamete formation.

Question 15

Chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A)   store and transmit genetic information.
B)   come in 46 matching pairs.
C)   are inherited from the mother only.
D)   are inherited from the father only.

Question 16

On the DNA ladder, adenine always appears

Accepted Answer

A)   alone.
B)   with thymine.
C)   with cytosine.
D)   with guanine.

Question 17

Dr. Dimera is interested in measuring the extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors. When conducting research, Dr. Dimera will most likely rely on

Accepted Answer

A)   heritability estimates.
B)   epigenesis.
C)   canalization.
D)   genetic-environmental correlation.

Question 18

Which of the following children is least likely to participate in an available neighborhood organization?

Accepted Answer

A)   Meagan, who lives in a lower-middle class area
B)   Francois, who lives in a low-income area
C)   Chantel, who lives in an upper-middle class area
D)   Lucius, who lives in an affluent area

Question 19

Children conceived through assisted reproductive techniques

Accepted Answer

A)   may receive caregiving that is somewhat warmer than children who are conceived naturally.
B)   are at greater risk for genetic disorders than their naturally conceived counterparts.
C)   tend to experience severe adjustment problems throughout childhood, including insecure attachment to caregivers.
D)   are usually well-adjusted until adolescence when they experience a significant rise in psychological problems.

Question 20

The release and fertilization of two ova results in

Accepted Answer

A)   identical twins.
B)   fraternal twins.
C)   PKU.
D)   miscarriage.

Exam 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations