Question 1

In an effort to overcome some of the limitations of traditional developmental designs, Dr. Francisco conducted several similar cross-sectional studies at varying times. Dr. Francisco used the ______________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  experimental 
C)  sequential 
D)  correlational

Question 2

Dr. Brenneman's research shows that participation in music programs is positively related to grades in school. Based on the findings from this one study, what can Dr. Brenneman conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participating in music programs causes grades to decrease. 
B)  Participating in music programs causes grades to increase. 
C)  Children who participate in music programs have higher grades. 
D)  Children who participate in music programs have lower grades.

Question 3

Charlene believes that her daughter's ability to think in complex ways is largely the result of an inborn timetable of growth. Charlene's view emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  nurture. 
B)  nature. 
C)  plasticity. 
D)  early experiences.

Question 4

Observations of imprinting led to which of the following major concepts in child development?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior modification 
B)  observational learning 
C)  the critical period 
D)  the chronosystem

Question 5

Freud's theory was the first to stress the influence of ________ on development.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning 
B)  rewards and punishment 
C)  cultural norms 
D)  the early parent-child relationship

Question 6

Dr. Thigpen views development as a discontinuous, stagewise process that follows a single, unified course mapped out by nature. Dr. Thigpen's views are most aligned with which perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau's view of the child as a noble savage 
B)  John Locke's view of the child as a tabula rasa 
C)  The Puritans' view of the child as evil and stubborn 
D)  Charles Darwin's view of survival of the fittest

Question 7

During medieval times,

Accepted Answer

A)  children dressed and acted like adults. 
B)  childhood was regarded as a separate period of life. 
C)  a child was viewed as a tabula rasa. 
D)  childhood was not regarded as a distinct developmental period.

Question 8

According to Piaget's theory, in the sensorimotor stage, children

Accepted Answer

A)  can think of all possible outcomes in a scientific problem. 
B)  organize objects into hierarchies of classes and subclasses. 
C)  think by acting on the world with their eyes, ears, hands, and mouth. 
D)  can evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances.

Question 9

Using the ______________ design, researchers observe how developmental change occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  sequential 
D)  microgenetic

Question 10

Which recent theoretical perspective is concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history?

Accepted Answer

A)  information processing 
B)  ethology 
C)  sociocultural theory 
D)  ecological systems theory

Question 11

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasized children's capacity to shape their own development. 
B)  viewed cognitive development as a socially mediated process. 
C)  believed that children undergo certain stagewise changes. 
D)  focused on discontinuous change.

Question 12

The clinical method is well-suited to

Accepted Answer

A)  studying a culture or a distinct social group through participant observation. 
B)  providing a large amount of information in a relatively brief period. 
C)  studying the development of certain types of individuals who are few in number but vary widely in characteristics. 
D)  asking multiple participants the same questions in the same way.

Question 13

The information-processing perspective has little to say about

Accepted Answer

A)  linear cognition. 
B)  how children think at different ages. 
C)  logical cognition. 
D)  imagination and creativity.

Question 14

The central questions addressed by the field of child development

Accepted Answer

A)  are primarily of scientific interest. 
B)  have applied, or practical, importance. 
C)  are based exclusively on research conducted by psychologists. 
D)  involve all changes a person experiences throughout the lifespan.

Question 15

Describe some problems investigators face in conducting longitudinal research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some problems investigators face in conducting...

Question 16

Immigrant parents of successful youths typically

Accepted Answer

A)  view school successes as less important than native-born parents. 
B)  develop close ties to an ethnic community. 
C)  encourage full assimilation into the majority culture. 
D)  stress individualistic values over collectivist values.

Question 17

After Dr. Busch completes his research interviews, he provides each participant with a full account and justification of the activities. Dr. Busch is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  debriefing. 
B)  informed consent. 
C)  presenting research results. 
D)  unethical research methods.

Question 18

Professor Yang wondered if parenting style is related children's achievement test scores. Professor Yang gathered information on the participants, but made no effort to alter their experiences. Professor Yang used

Accepted Answer

A)  a correlational design. 
B)  random assignment. 
C)  experimental design. 
D)  a natural experiment.

Question 19

According to Piaget, ________ lead(s) to more advanced ways of thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)  children's observation of adults 
B)  brain growth 
C)  punishment and reinforcement 
D)  children's efforts to achieve equilibrium

Question 20

According to Freud, the ________ is the conscious, rational part of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  ego 
C)  superego 
D)  superid

Exam 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies