Question 1

Skylar recently became a clinical psychologist and is interested in working specifically with people suffering from depression.Based on what is known about the demographics of this disorder,which of the following issues is likely to come up most frequently in sessions with depressed clients?

Accepted Answer

A)  the difficulties involved in discussing one's sexual orientation 
B)  how race and ethnicity affect one's self-perception and social interactions 
C)  the multiple demands of work and family life, and the interaction between these areas 
D)  the stresses of being poor

Question 2

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are difficult to treat because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are so focused on the future that they lose sight of their present difficulties 
B)  care little about how others feel about their behavior 
C)  have excessively low self-esteem and feel therapists will not want to treat them 
D)  view their problems as too overwhelming to treat

Question 3

If you are the parent of a child who has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and who is being treated with Ritalin or similar drugs,what side effects might you expect to see in your child?

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep problems, a pause in growth, and reduced appetite 
B)  deterioration in handwriting quality and an inability to concentrate 
C)  increased distractibility and a ravenous appetite 
D)  a general apathy along with a disinterest in social interaction

Question 4

Antipsychotic medications would not be effective if they did not:

Accepted Answer

A)  block serotonin 
B)  block dopamine 
C)  enhance dopamine 
D)  enhance serotonin

Question 5

Tricyclics,though very effective in relieving depression,often result in:

Accepted Answer

A)  life-threatening elevations in blood pressure 
B)  manic episodes 
C)  sleepiness and weight gain 
D)  mild delusional episodes

Question 6

Tory,a 6-year-old boy with autism,has received applied behavior analysis treatment for the past four years.Which of the following statements will be most accurate about Tory's current situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tory's treatment is relatively easy to implement, but his parents are thinking of dropping out because applied behavior analysis is so expensive. 
B)  Tory's cognitive skills have significantly improved, but he so dislikes his treatment that he has become defiant and difficult. 
C)  Tory is satisfied with his treatment and is a happier child, but his IQ is still low and he cannot be taught in normal classrooms at school. 
D)  Tory's treatment is very time consuming and intense, but his IQ is now 20 points higher than when he started treatment.

Question 7

Dr.Prajna treats patients with anxiety and mood disorders.She bases her therapeutic techniques and medication choices on recent scientific literature.She uses only treatments that have been shown to be effective in large,double-blind,controlled clinical trials.She never prescribes a drug or form of talk therapy for which she does not know the research findings related to its effectiveness.Dr.Prajna's views are similar to those of _____,who emphasized the use of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Rogers; humanistic treatment of subjective experiences 
B)  Ray Carroll; an approach he called "rational therapy" 
C)  David Barlow; evidence-based treatments 
D)  B. F. Skinner; behavior-based treatments

Question 8

Tommy has a 20-year history of stealing,armed robbery,physical violence,and lying and cheating to get out of trouble.These behaviors started in grade school.Based on what is known about the origins and treatment of this kind of disorder,which of the following statements would best represent a knowledgeable psychiatrist's opinion on Tommy's treatment options?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Tommy, I wish that someone would have intervened with you when you were younger." 
B)  "Tommy, given the outstanding history of deviance you have had, hospitalization is your best option." 
C)  "Tommy, the best treatment for you currently is deep brain stimulation, which might remove some of your impulsive and aggressive tendencies." 
D)  "Tommy, the most promising treatment option for you right now is heavy medication, including lithium and perhaps an antipsychotic."

Question 9

Your therapist suggests that when you go to college,you keep a diary and record events and your emotional reactions to them.She says that this will help keep you physically healthy.Is this a good suggestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; it has been shown to improve immune functioning and reduce frequency of illness. 
B)  No; it will cause you to ruminate about your troubles and not deal with them. 
C)  No; it will serve as a constant reminder of the difficulties you are facing. 
D)  Yes; but only in the short term-there will be no long-term benefits.

Question 10

Currently,the best approach to treating borderline personality disorder is:

Accepted Answer

A)  traditional psychotherapy 
B)  dialectical behavioral therapy 
C)  behavior modification 
D)  antipsychotic drugs

Question 11

Haloperidol is a medication that acts on key neurotransmitter systems to effect cognitive and behavioral changes.Jake takes haloperidol to ease his hallucinations and delusional thinking.Jake is taking:

Accepted Answer

A)  illicit drugs 
B)  psychedelic drugs 
C)  a set of endogenous neurotransmitter agonists 
D)  an antipsychotic medication

Question 12

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder:

Accepted Answer

A)  are very responsive to treatment 
B)  are responsive to treatment if it is used before age 40 
C)  tend to improve after age 40 without therapeutic intervention 
D)  respond best to relationship-based psychotherapies, such as client-centered therapy

Question 13

If your physician prescribes a drug to treat your depression,what is the likelihood you will experience relief from your symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  quite low because drugs need to be combined with talk therapy to be effective 
B)  about the same as if the physician had prescribed a placebo 
C)  about 30 percent 
D)  about 65 percent

Question 14

Odelia has schizophrenia and has been successfully treated with medication; her visual and auditory hallucinations have decreased,and she no longer believes that her great aunt speaks to her through the television.However,Odelia still has some odd behaviors,and others view her as a little strange.Odelia's doctor will most likely recommend that she receive:

Accepted Answer

A)  social skills training 
B)  emotion management training 
C)  assertiveness training 
D)  dialectical behavior training

Question 15

Which of the following statements is central to the applied behavioral analysis approach to the treatment of autism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used by professionals rather than parents. 
B)  It is intended to be used for short periods of time. 
C)  It is based on operant conditioning principles. 
D)  The treatment typically begins when children enter a structured school setting.

Question 16

About personality disorders,we can say that:

Accepted Answer

A)  we know a great deal about their causes and effective treatments 
B)  effective treatments have been devised in the absence of understanding their causes 
C)  compared to other forms of mental difficulty, they are relatively easy to treat 
D)  they are typically very difficult to treat

Question 17

In general,placebo treatments for depression have been found to have:

Accepted Answer

A)  little to no effect on mental health functioning 
B)  a small but consistent effect on mental health functioning 
C)  an effect equivalent to most forms of therapy 
D)  a larger effect than most forms of therapy

Question 18

Based on research presented in the text,which of the following young patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is likely to have the best treatment outcome after three years?

Accepted Answer

A)  Randy, who is taking Ritalin 
B)  John, who is receiving weekly individual counseling sessions 
C)  Hamid, who is receiving daily academic tutoring and cognitive therapy 
D)  Soren, who is receiving intensive behavioral therapy

Question 19

Rob plans to receive drug therapy for his depressive symptoms.Should Rob expect different kinds of results from drug treatment,compared to other kinds of therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  He should expect that drugs, but not other therapies, will result in changes in his brain activity. 
B)  He should expect his brain functioning to change, whether with drugs or another kind of therapy. 
C)  He should expect longer-lasting results from drugs versus talk therapy. 
D)  No reliable effects on brain functioning have been detected as a consequence of any form of therapy.

Question 20

Kim has obsessive-compulsive disorder,which is focused on behaviors related to cleaning and checking.If she takes an antidepressant such as Prozac,her _____,an effect also found with depressed patients.

Accepted Answer

A)  obsessions should decrease 
B)  compulsions should decrease 
C)  mood will be more positive 
D)  mood will be more stable

Exam 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders