Question 1

A friend of yours is in therapy for depression and has been asked to keep a diary of all her negative thoughts about herself and her circumstances.What is the likely goal of her therapist?

Accepted Answer

A)  to get your friend to identify problematic thought patterns so they can be modified 
B)  to highlight the defense mechanisms that cause id/ego conflict 
C)  to increase self-concept congruence 
D)  to outline the rewards and punishments needed to change her behavior

Question 2

If Clive was a doctor in 1968 and the patients he treated were suffering from schizophrenia,he would probably have given them _____.If Clive was a doctor in 2008,he would probably give these same patients _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor 
B)  lithium salts; a lithium agonist 
C)  a second-generation antipsychotic; a fourth-generation antipsychotic 
D)  haloperidol; clozapine

Question 3

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is best treated through the use of:

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic desensitization 
B)  exposure with response prevention 
C)  the medication lithium 
D)  all of the above

Question 4

Sherri has obsessive-compulsive disorder and has been in treatment with a psychoanalyst for the past 10 years.Although she does not feel that she is making progress with her therapist,she believes that the money and time already spent justify "sticking around" and seeing if she will ever experience recovery from the disorder.Sherri is showing use of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  sunk costs fallacy 
B)  lose-lose cognitive strategy 
C)  justifiable excuse behavior pattern 
D)  smoking gun effect

Question 5

Brendon believes that he is worthless,that other people do not like him,and that he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships.To counteract this belief,Brendon's therapist says to him,"Brendon,I like and appreciate you.I enjoy interacting with you.What do you think of that?" Brendon says,"Well,if you like me,I guess it makes me think I am not such a bad person after all." In discussing these issues with his therapist,Brendon starts to think differently about himself.The therapist is using _____ with Brendon.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral rationalization 
B)  rational creativity 
C)  cognitive restructuring 
D)  emotive analysis

Question 6

Mary is being treated for borderline personality disorder (BPD)in an inpatient treatment center.What will the first stage of treatment generally involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be brief and intense and involve group therapy with other patients who have BPD. 
B)  It will involve drug treatment with a mood stabilizer such as lithium and brief psychodynamic therapy. 
C)  Mary will meet with a cognitive therapist at least twice a week. 
D)  Her therapist will first work to replace her most extreme and dysfunctional behaviors with more adaptive and effective ways of coping.

Question 7

The treatment most effective for bipolar disorder is:

Accepted Answer

A)  lithium 
B)  electroconvulsive therapy 
C)  cognitive-behavioral therapy 
D)  transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 8

Across a number of anxiety disorders,drug therapy:

Accepted Answer

A)  has been found effective and is the treatment of choice 
B)  works in the short term, but can result in relapse when the drug is discontinued 
C)  has more negative side effects than when used to treat other disorders 
D)  is not effective because anxiety disorders are more mental than biological

Question 9

A cognitive therapist would probably find it easiest to work with which of the following clients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jan, a woman who believes that she is being followed by people from another planet 
B)  Jordan, a woman who falsely believes that she is the president of the United States 
C)  Jouma, an extremely self-centered woman who believes that other people are worthless and useless and that her needs are the only important ones 
D)  Jamala, a woman who believes that she is worthless and who experiences extreme anxiety because she worries that she is not loveable

Question 10

A physician reports that she has never encountered depression in patients who exercise regularly.Is this report consistent with research findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because physicians seldom recognize depression when it is present. 
B)  No, because there is no demonstrated relationship between exercise and depression. 
C)  Yes, because regular exercise can reduce the likelihood of becoming depressed. 
D)  No, because patients may be exercising to overcome an already existing depression.

Question 11

Behavioral therapies are based on the idea that:

Accepted Answer

A)  distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors 
B)  behavior is learned 
C)  behavior is influenced by unconscious motives 
D)  none of the above

Question 12

LaToya,who experiences minor depression,was recruited for a research study in which she will receive either an antidepressant or a placebo.LaToya receives the drug treatment.Compared to people receiving placebo treatment,she will:

Accepted Answer

A)  be equally likely to experience symptom relief 
B)  tend to expect symptom relief and therefore will experience it 
C)  be less likely to expect symptom relief, but will receive it nevertheless 
D)  experience no more improvement in her symptoms than those who were given a placebo

Question 13

Which of the following recent treatment options has shown initial promise for patients with severe depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  electroconvulsive therapy and deep brain stimulation 
B)  deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation 
C)  transcranial magnetic stimulation and dialectical behavior therapy 
D)  dialectical behavior therapy and electroconvulsive therapy

Question 14

Your textbook authors argue that although transcranial magnetic stimulation has fewer side effects than electroconvulsive therapy for treating depression,it will never fully replace the former because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is much more expensive to administer 
B)  the two approaches may work with different kinds of patients 
C)  patients prefer the latter 
D)  electroconvulsive therapy is effective with patients who have not responded to drug treatments, whereas transcranial magnetic stimulation is not

Question 15

The drug Ritalin is a _____ that leads to _____ in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral nervous system depressant; decreased motor activity 
B)  peripheral nervous system stimulant; increased motor control 
C)  central nervous system depressant; decreased brain activity 
D)  central nervous system stimulant; increased attention

Question 16

Ramos has symptoms of panic disorder and has been prescribed the drug Xanax.Due to the medication,he is most likely to have side effects such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  facial tics 
B)  sexual dysfunction 
C)  drowsiness 
D)  white blood cell deficiency

Question 17

Based on what is known about the characteristics of autism,which of the following therapy techniques would be most effective in encouraging an autistic child to make appropriate eye contact with a therapist?

Accepted Answer

A)  play therapy, where the autistic child could first see eye contact modeled with dolls 
B)  behavioral modeling, where the autistic child could watch as an adult and a nonautistic child modeled eye contact 
C)  reinforcement with food, where a therapist could give a small food reward each time the autistic child made appropriate eye contact 
D)  drug therapy, where the child would be put on a GABA agonist medication to reduce self-stimulatory behaviors; reducing inappropriate behaviors can lead to the expression of more appropriate behaviors, such as making eye contact

Question 18

Major depression and bipolar disorder:

Accepted Answer

A)  are both personality disorders 
B)  are fundamentally different and require different treatment approaches 
C)  both respond to lithium 
D)  are as difficult to treat as personality disorders

Question 19

_____ is best treated with medication.This is a problem because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Depression; people with depression are often too apathetic to take their medication 
B)  Depression; few good pharmacological treatments are available 
C)  Bipolar disorder; the drugs are so expensive that almost no one can afford them 
D)  Bipolar disorder; aspects of the disorder are considered pleasurable and attractive, so there is an incentive to stop taking the medication

Question 20

Deepa is excessively shy in public and finds it almost impossible to talk to people she does not know.People think she is aloof,but actually she is terribly afraid that people will criticize her,and so she dislikes and avoids interacting with others.If she chose to go into psychotherapy to overcome this problem,the therapist who would seem least threatening to her would be a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  client-centered therapist 
B)  psychoanalyst 
C)  rational-emotive therapist 
D)  applied behavior analyst

Exam 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders