Question 1

Alan has cancer and is in pain.What treatment is Alan likely receiving?

Accepted Answer

A)  more painkillers than can be safely taken 
B)  the safe dose of painkillers 
C)  insufficient amounts of painkillers to eliminate the pain 
D)  the safe dose of painkillers and mindfulness training

Question 2

Dr.Frode is studying how nerve endings may be involved in the immune system.What type of tissue could Dr.Frode be studying?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels 
B)  mucous membranes 
C)  hair follicles 
D)  bone marrow

Question 3

What is the focus of psychoneuroimmunology?

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of methods in which damaged or severed neurons can be stimulated to regrow 
B)  the study of the relationships among stressors, the endocrine system, the nervous system, and the immune system 
C)  the study of various biochemical approaches to protecting the central nervous system from the ravages of deterioration disorders 
D)  the study of the psychological side effects of physical illnesses

Question 4

In the mid-19th century,what disorder was thought to cause symptoms of fatigue,vague aches and pains,low-grade fever,and lack of energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  somatic syndrome 
B)  neurasthenia 
C)  neurosis 
D)  hysteria

Question 5

Endogenous opioids have been implicated in a variety of psychopathological conditions.Which of the following is one of these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  eating disorders 
B)  personality disorders 
C)  obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D)  phobias

Question 6

Eric has a very stressful job.What part of his body may be damaged by increased cortisol released because of the stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  his lungs 
B)  his stomach 
C)  his brain 
D)  his intestines

Question 7

Von Bayer and colleagues (2006)compared the effectiveness of two different strategies to help children manage pain.They found that for younger children,a strategy in which children were prompted to direct their attention toward their internal sensations was less effective than another strategy.What was this other strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  being directed to engage in progressive relaxation exercises 
B)  being directed to talk about their pain to a supportive adult 
C)  being directed to distract themselves and focus their attention externally 
D)  being directed to engage in slow, deep breathing

Question 8

According to Scheier and colleagues (1989),how can a person who undergoes coronary artery bypass surgery recover more quickly and achieve a stronger quality of life six months after surgery?

Accepted Answer

A)  by denying the severe pain connected with the condition and the surgery 
B)  by playing a more aggressive role in the management of the illness 
C)  by being optimistic 
D)  by avoiding traditional treatment regimens or rehabilitation programs

Question 9

Describe the use of biofeedback,meditation,and relaxation techniques in the management of stress-related disorders.Discuss the relative effectiveness of these treatments for stress management and pain relief.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the use of biofeedback,meditation,and relaxation techniques...

Question 10

Explore the relationship between stress and the immune system.What is the HPA axis? What are stress hormones? Is there a "lab" test to measure stress levels in human beings?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explore the relationship between stress and the...

Question 11

Why do clinicians use physiological monitoring equipment in biofeedback procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  to help the clinicians track changes in muscular tension 
B)  to make the responses visible and/or audible to the patient 
C)  to make the responses tactile to the patient 
D)  to ensure patients properly interpret the clinician's instructions

Question 12

Harold dies at age six.What is the most likely cause of his death?

Accepted Answer

A)  cancer 
B)  injury 
C)  genetic defect 
D)  infectious disease

Question 13

Which of the following relationships is NOT reflected in the new medical specialty called "psychoneuroimmunology"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cardiovascular system 
B)  the nervous system 
C)  psychological factors including stress 
D)  the immune system

Question 14

Females may have an "extra" pain-regulating pathway focused on relieving pain associated with the reproductive system.What is one implication of this biological gender difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  The psychological experience of pain is different for men and women. 
B)  Men need more pain relief than women following surgical procedures. 
C)  Males and females may benefit from different kinds of medications and different kinds of pain management. 
D)  Men experience more generalized pain than women do.

Question 15

Discuss how psychological factors,including negative cognitions,affect immune system functioning.Give examples of physical conditions that are considered stress related.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how psychological factors,including negative cognitions,affect immune...

Question 16

Researchers studying baboons found that subordinate animals,unlike dominant animals,continually secrete cortisol,probably because their lives are so stressful.What did the researchers discover about the subordinate males' HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is less sensitive to the effects of cortisol and therefore less efficient in turning off the stress response. 
B)  It is more sensitive to the effects of cortisol and therefore less efficient in turning off the stress response. 
C)  It is associated with an increased sensitivity of the pituitary gland. 
D)  It is associated with a decreased sensitivity of the pituitary gland.

Question 17

Explore how changes in attitudes and lifestyle behaviours contribute to illness and death.Give examples of behaviours that are known to have a negative impact on health.Why are individuals resistant to behavioural change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explore how changes in attitudes and lifestyle...

Question 18

Psychologist Kim Lavoie and her colleagues (2004)noted that coronary heart disease (CHD)and another disorder often co-occur,and CHD patients with this additional disorder suffer greater morbidity and mortality rates than do CHD patients without it.What is the other disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 
B)  generalized anxiety disorder 
C)  paranoid delusional disorder 
D)  panic disorder

Question 19

In the 1960s,Neal Miller produced the first experimental evidence suggesting physiological functions were subject to voluntary control.What did he use?

Accepted Answer

A)  obedience training with animals 
B)  operant conditioning with animals 
C)  physical retraining with animals 
D)  classical conditioning with animals

Question 20

Hannah is sitting quietly.She is focused on a mantra and softly repeats the sound "om" as her breathing slows and her body relaxes.What is Hannah engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)  progressive muscle relaxation 
B)  biofeedback 
C)  transcendental meditation 
D)  personal progressive relaxation

Exam 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology