Question 1

Monty is a three-year-old boy who has recently been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.He appears completely unresponsive to his parents and shows no indication of any language development.Monty seems uninterested in communication of any kind,and he has rituals-such as lining up his toys and realigning them every few minutes.If interrupted,he becomes hysterical.Monty's IQ score was extremely low.Why can we expect his prognosis to be poor?

Accepted Answer

A)   primarily because of his ritualistic behaviour and disinterest in his parents
B)   primarily because of his early age of onset and lack of language acquisition
C)   primarily because of his low IQ and early age of onset
D)   primarily because of his lack of language acquisition and low IQ D

Question 2

Research John Connolly put forth provides evidence for a neurobiological cause of dyslexia.What did his research show?

Accepted Answer

A)   weaker or delayed neural responses when reading in people with dyslexia compared with controls
B)   right hemisphere language processing for people with dyslexia, left hemisphere for controls
C)   fewer neural connections in the left hemisphere of people with dyslexia compared with controls
D)   a 50% concordance rate in dyslexia between identical twins A

Question 3

Ian has ADHD.When neurologists image his brain,what are they most likely to find?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ian shows overactivity in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia.
B)   Ian's brain is larger than is typical.
C)   Ian's brain is smaller than is typical.
D)   Ian shows underactivity in the left hemisphere and brain stem. C

Question 4

What is the most accurate way to describe the cause of an intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are caused by either prenatal abnormalities or difficulties in the birth process.
B)   Most cases of intellectual disability are caused by strictly biological factors.
C)   They are caused by genetics.
D)   There are hundreds of known causes.

Question 5

What has cross-cultural research indicated about autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is more common in wealthy countries.
B)   It is predominantly found in Western cultures and countries.
C)   It is predominantly found in North America.
D)   It is universal across cultures and countries.

Question 6

According to the brain scans of individuals with autism spectrum disorder,which area of the brain may be involved with the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)   the brain stem
B)   the hypothalamus
C)   the reticular formation
D)   the cerebellum

Question 7

What percentage of people with an intellectual disability fall under the "mild" category?

Accepted Answer

A)   20 percent
B)   40 percent
C)   70 percent
D)   90 percent

Question 8

One view of the social deficits of people with autism spectrum disorder is that they lack a theory of mind.Other researchers have argued that problems on theory-of-mind tasks may have another cause.What might that cause be?

Accepted Answer

A)   an unwillingness to carry on conversations with others
B)   an inability to pretend
C)   attention deficits
D)   more general difficulties with executive functioning

Question 9

What is a learning disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)   achievement in reading, writing, or math below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and education
B)   the existence of a neurological deficit that interferes with the individual's ability to assimilate new information
C)   achievement in any academic subject below the level predicted by the individual's age, IQ, and education
D)   a substandard IQ score in comparison to the individual's family and educational background

Question 10

According to Statistics Canada (1996),of the population of children who were recorded has having some form of disability,approximately what percentage had a "learning disability"?

Accepted Answer

A)   15 percent
B)   25 percent
C)   50 percent
D)   75 percent

Question 11

Johnny is a two-year-old boy who has no motivation to interact with other people.His absence of interest in people may also lead to severe deficits in certain abilities.Which of the following is one such ability?

Accepted Answer

A)   amusing himself
B)   thinking
C)   communication
D)   education

Question 12

Describe the impairments in social interaction,communication,and activities typically experienced by individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the impairments in social interaction,communication,and activities...

Question 13

According to research by Lovaas (1987),which type of intervention programs have shown improvements in the intellectual and educational functioning of children with autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)   programs that use a group therapy model
B)   programs that are school based
C)   programs that provide multiple therapists
D)   programs that meet one-on-one for 40 hours per week

Question 14

In the early days of therapy for autism,the psychodynamic approach focused on encouraging ego support.Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A)   because psychodynamic theorists believed one of the primary causes was physical abnormalities
B)   because psychodynamic theorists believed one of the primary causes was improper parenting
C)   because psychodynamic theorists believed one of the primary causes was bullying by siblings
D)   because psychodynamic theorists believed one of the primary causes was poor or negative bonding

Question 15

What is known regarding the role genetics plays in influencing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)   There appears to be multiple genetic influences.
B)   There are no known genetic influences.
C)   There appears to be a single gene of influence.
D)   Defects on the Y chromosome are the major influence.

Question 16

Although psychological disorders are not classified as developmental disorders,why can many-if not most-psychological disorders be considered developmental?

Accepted Answer

A)   because they lack biological causes and are influenced by learning
B)   because they have a genetic component
C)   because they change over time
D)   because they are first diagnosed in childhood

Question 17

Explain why it is completely incorrect to state that a specific learning disorder is just another way of saying "not bright." Ensure that your explanation includes the procedures to diagnose a learning disorder and a description of the categories of learning disorders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why it is completely incorrect to...

Question 18

Discuss the genetic and neurobiological causes of autism spectrum disorder.Explain the historical view that poor parenting causes autism and why that is now considered inaccurate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the genetic and neurobiological causes of...

Question 19

Your textbook describes the case study of a 21-year-old man with a diagnosis of autism but no other neurological disorders or severe cognitive deficits.What did an MRI scan of his brain show?

Accepted Answer

A)   an abnormally small cerebellum
B)   evidence of a viral infection
C)   the presence of tumour-like nodules
D)   enlarged left ventricles

Question 20

Gender differences for autism vary,but some factual evidence has been found regarding gender and IQ.Which of the following is the most likely autism diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Your daughter Sarah has an IQ score of under 35.
B)   Your son Thomas has an IQ score of under 35.
C)   Your daughter Diana has an IQ score of over 100.
D)   Your son John has an IQ score of 65.

Exam 14: Neurodevelopmental Disorders