Question 1

What is the first step in the germination of a seed?

Accepted Answer

A) pollination 
B) fertilization 
C) imbibition 
D) hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves 
E) emergence of the radicle

Question 2

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species. 
B) Stocks come from vines, but scions come from trees. 
C) Stocks provide root systems for grafting. 
D) Grafting creates new species. 
E) Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species.

Question 3

Over human history,which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?

Accepted Answer

A) genetic engineering 
B) artificial selection 
C) sexual selection 
D) pesticide and herbicide application

Question 4

What effects would occur in a mutant of Arabidopsis that cannot synthesize GABA within its flowers?

Accepted Answer

A) Pollen tube growth would not be directed toward the egg, and fertilization would not occur. 
B) The seeds from the flowers would be unable to break dormancy. 
C) The pollen grain would not form a pollen tube due to incompatibility with the pollen tube. 
D) The length of the style would be increased to the point where the growing pollen tube would be unable to reach the synergids.

Question 5

A mature,unfertilized ovule in an angiosperm is the result of

Accepted Answer

A) a single meiotic division. 
B) a single mitotic division. 
C) both meiotic and mitotic divisions. 
D) mitosis from the megaspore mother cell. 
E) differentiation from the suspensor tissues.

Question 6

The male wasp,Campsoscolia ciliata,transfers pollen from one orchid to another orchid of the same species.What "reward" does the male wasp receive from the orchid plants for helping with the orchid pollination?

Accepted Answer

A) a supply of energy-rich nectar 
B) volatile chemical hormones that help the male wasp find a sexually receptive female 
C) no reward; the male wasp is deceived by the flower shape and odour 
D) successful copulation with the flower 
E) a store of nectar that the wasp can use in time of famine

Question 7

The vast number and variety of flower species is probably related to various kinds of

Accepted Answer

A) seed dispersal agents. 
B) pollinators. 
C) herbivores. 
D) climatic conditions.

Question 8

In the life cycle of an angiosperm,which of the following stages is diploid?

Accepted Answer

A) megaspore 
B) generative nucleus of a pollen grain 
C) polar nuclei of the embryo sac 
D) microsporocyte 
E) both megaspore and polar nuclei

Question 9

A flowering plant with a deleterious mutation in microsporogenesis would most likely

Accepted Answer

A) fail to produce sepals. 
B) fail to produce petals. 
C) fail to produce anthers. 
D) fail to produce pollen. 
E) fail to produce ovules.

Question 10

Which of the following events suggests there is a change in the egg cell membrane after penetration by a sperm?

Accepted Answer

A) The pollen tube grows away from the egg toward the polar nuclei. 
B) Ca²⁺ builds up in the cytoplasm of the egg. 
C) The egg cell plasmolyzes. 
D) Double fertilization occurs. 
E) There is a spike in membrane transport activity.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of processes that takes place when a flowering plant reproduces?

Accepted Answer

A) meiosis → fertilization → ovulation → germination 
B) fertilization → meiosis → nuclear fusion → formation of embryo and endosperm 
C) meiosis → pollination → nuclear fusion → formation of embryo and endosperm 
D) growth of pollen tube → pollination → germination → fertilization 
E) meiosis → mitosis → nuclear fusion → pollen

Question 12

Suppose that 100 pollen grains land on a stigma,and 50 mature seeds are formed in the fruit.What does this indicate about the pollination process and success?

Accepted Answer

A) 50% success: 100 pollen grains grew to 50 ovules, and double fertilization occurred. 
B) 50% success: evidently, only 50 sperm pollinated 50 anthers. 
C) 50% success: 50 sperm fertilized 50 eggs, and 50 sperm fused with 50 polar nuclei. 
D) 50% success: 50 sperm fertilized 50 eggs, and 50 sperm fused with 100 polar nuclei.

Question 13

During the alternation of generations in plants,

Accepted Answer

A) meiosis produces gametes. 
B) mitosis produces gametes. 
C) fertilization produces spores. 
D) fertilization produces gametes.

Question 14

Which of the following statements applies to the endosperm in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

A) Its nutrients may be absorbed by the cotyledons in the seeds of eudicots. 
B) It develops from a haploid cell. 
C) Its nutrients are digested before embryo development. 
D) It develops from the fertilized egg. 
E) It is only fully developed in monocot seeds.

Question 15

In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent?

Accepted Answer

A) ovule-egg 
B) embryo sac-female gametophyte 
C) endosperm-male gametophyte 
D) seed-zygote 
E) microspore-pollen grain

Question 16

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below.
 
-Based on the above figure,which cell(s)become(s)the triploid endosperm?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 17

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Fertilization precedes pollination. 
B) Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species, whereas fertilization is within a species. 
C) Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other. 
D) Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the fusion of haploid nuclei. 
E) If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary.

Question 18

Where does meiosis occur in flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

A) megasporocyte 
B) microsporocyte 
C) endosperm 
D) pollen tube 
E) megasporocyte and microsporocyte

Question 19

Which of the following is a true statement about clonal reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Clones of plants do not occur naturally. 
B) Cloning, although achieved in animals, has not been demonstrated in plants. 
C) Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation. 
D) Reproduction of plants by cloning may be either sexual or asexual. 
E) Viable seeds can result from sexual reproduction only.

Question 20

Under which conditions would asexual plants have the greatest advantage over sexual plants?

Accepted Answer

A) an environment that varies on a regular, predictable basis 
B) an environment with irregular fluctuations of conditions 
C) a relatively constant environment with infrequent disturbances 
D) a fire-maintained ecosystem 
E) an environment with many seed predators

Exam 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology