Question 1

The cell walls of bacteria,fungi,and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane.Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment.
B)  They must permit information transfer between the cell's cytoplasm and the nucleus.
C)  They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume.
D)  They are constructed of polymers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.
E)  They are composed of a mixture of lipids and carbohydrates. D

Question 2

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix.
B)  nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix.
C)  mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.
D)  Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.
E)  nuclear pores and secretory vesicles. D

Question 3

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear envelope
B)  chloroplast
C)  Golgi apparatus
D)  plasma membrane
E)  ER B

Question 4

Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes
B)  mitochondria
C)  nuclei
D)  plastids
E)  peroxisome

Question 5

A biologist wants specifically to examine the surfaces of different types of cells in kidney tubules of small mammals.The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape,size,and 3-D characteristics.Which of the following would be the optimum method for her study?

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission electron microscopy
B)  cell fractionation
C)  light microscopy using stains specific to kidney function
D)  light microscopy of living unstained material
E)  scanning electron microscopy

Question 6

Researchers tried to explain how vesicular transport occurs in cells by attempting to assemble the transport components.They set up microtubular tracks along which vesicles could be transported,and they added vesicles and ATP (because they knew the transport process requires energy).Yet,when they put everything together,there was no movement or transport of vesicles.What were they missing?

Accepted Answer

A)  an axon
B)  contractile microfilaments
C)  endoplasmic reticulum
D)  motor proteins
E)  intermediate filaments

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates.
B)  Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist tension (stretching) .
C)  Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.
D)  Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's response to external signals and stimuli.
E)  Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the cytoskeleton.

Question 8

Thylakoids,DNA,and ribosomes are all components found in which organelle?

Accepted Answer

A)  vacuoles
B)  chloroplasts
C)  mitochondria
D)  lysosomes
E)  nuclei

Question 9

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray,what would you expect to be the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  the loss of all nuclear function
B)  the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division
C)  a change in the shape of the nucleus
D)  failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information
E)  inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals

Question 10

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP.If a cell is exposed to cyanide,most of the cyanide will be found within the

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria.
B)  ribosomes.
C)  peroxisomes.
D)  lysosomes.
E)  endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 11

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution)research-grade light microscope is

Accepted Answer

A)  a mitochondrion.
B)  a microtubule.
C)  a ribosome.
D)  a microfilament.
E)  a nuclear pore.

Question 12

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system.
B)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes.
C)  Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
D)  In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located outside of the cell.
E)  Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of proteins out of the cell.

Question 13

If an individual has abnormal microtubules due to a hereditary condition,in which organs or tissues would you expect dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  limbs, hearts, areas with a good deal of contraction
B)  microvilli, alveoli, and glomeruli: cellular projections that increase surface area
C)  all ducts, such as those from salivary or sebaceous glands, that transport fluids
D)  sperm, larynx, and trachea: cells and tissues that contain flagella or cilia
E)  phagocytic cells and white blood cells that exhibit amoeboid movement

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-What type of cell is pictured above?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea
B)  Bacteria
C)  protist
D)  plant
E)  animal

Question 15

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  lipids
B)  glycogen
C)  proteins
D)  cellulose
E)  nucleic acids

Question 16

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells,they can achieve the finest resolution by using

Accepted Answer

A)  a phase-contrast light microscope.
B)  a scanning electron microscope.
C)  a transmission electronic microscope.
D)  a confocal fluorescence microscope.
E)  a super-resolution fluorescence microscope.

Question 17

Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans.It is caused
By a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for lipid metabolism.This leads to a collection of
Fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen,liver,kidneys,lungs,brain,and
Bone marrow.Using your knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells,identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells would be involved
In Gaucher disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce adequate amounts ofATP needed for cellular respiration.
B)  The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains too many ribosomes which results in anOverproduction of the enzyme involved in carbohydrate catalysis.
C)  The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism ofLipids.
D)  The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles with faulty membranes that leak their contentsInto the cytoplasm of the cell.
E)  The gap junctions are not functioning, and cells are not conveying to other cells that they have enough lipids.

Question 18

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA.
B)  a cell wall.
C)  a plasma membrane.
D)  ribosomes.
E)  an endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 19

One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the endomembrane system.What eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of,or as an elaboration of,the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane
B)  chloroplasts
C)  mitochondria
D)  nuclear envelope
E)  peroxisome

Question 20

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons,the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and

Accepted Answer

A)  combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide.
B)  use the hydrogen to break down hydrogen peroxide.
C)  transfer the hydrogen to the mitochondria.
D)  transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide.
E)  break down hydrogen peroxide.

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell