Question 1

After conducting his research,Solomon Asch concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A)  obedience to authority may be more common than many people would like to believe 
B)  the size of the group has little influence on the extent to which individuals respond to group pressure 
C)  the degree of social cohesion felt by participants is very important regarding how individuals respond to group pressure 
D)  groups wield very little power with respect to compliance

Question 2

For a person who strongly believes in the value of human rights and equal opportunity,which of the following would NOT constitute a reference group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ku Klux Klan 
B)  American Civil Liberties Union 
C)  National Organization for Women 
D)  Council on Racial Equality

Question 3

Describe the informal structure in bureaucracies and list its positive and negative aspects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the informal structure in bureaucracies and...

Question 4

Two people who are best friends,married couples,and domestic partnerships are all examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  dyads 
B)  extended families 
C)  triads 
D)  quaternary formations

Question 5

Class (socioeconomic status based on a person's education,occupation,and income) is the most significant predictor of whether a person will participate in mainstream __________ organizations.

Accepted Answer

A)  totalitarian 
B)  coercive 
C)  normative 
D)  utilitarian

Question 6

____________ was interested in the historical trend toward bureaucratization that accelerated during the Industrial Revolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Auguste Comte 
B)  Adam Smith 
C)  Max Weber 
D)  Emile Durkheim

Question 7

Leadership in secondary groups (such as colleges,governmental agencies,and corporations) involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  an informal hierarchy 
B)  a friendly orientation 
C)  a clearly defined chain of command 
D)  a strong personality

Question 8

Women in traditionally male organizations may feel more visible and experience greater performance pressure.They may also find it harder to gain credibility in management positions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Sociologist Amitai Etzioni classified formal organizations into three categories,based on the nature of membership in each.Which of the following is NOT a category of formal organizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  normative 
B)  coercive 
C)  utilitarian 
D)  totalitarian

Question 10

Sociologist __________ suggested that small groups have distinctive interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Emile Durkheim 
B)  Max Weber 
C)  Herbert Spencer 
D)  Georg Simmel

Question 11

According to Robert Merton,the term __________ describes those workers who are more concerned with following correct procedures than they are with getting the job done correctly.These workers are usually able to handle routine situations effectively but are frequently incapable of handling a unique problem or an emergency.

Accepted Answer

A)  trained incapacity 
B)  bureaucratic personality 
C)  organization men 
D)  cheerful robots

Question 12

In his study of bureaucracies,sociologist __________ relied on an ideal type analysis,which he adapted from the field of economics.

Accepted Answer

A)  Irving Janis 
B)  Solomon Asch 
C)  Karl Marx 
D)  Max Weber

Question 13

According to functionalists,__________ needs are particularly important for self-expression and support from family,friends,and peers.

Accepted Answer

A)  expressive 
B)  instrumental 
C)  social 
D)  individual

Question 14

Examples of a(n) __________ would include people who are the same age,race,or gender,or those who share the same educational level.

Accepted Answer

A)  social group 
B)  category 
C)  formal organization 
D)  aggregate

Question 15

Thorstein Veblen used the term __________ to characterize situations in which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up with creative solutions to problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  trained incapacity 
B)  bureaucratic personality 
C)  cheerful robot 
D)  organization men

Question 16

In a series of experiments on pressure toward group conformity,Solomon Asch found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects stood by their own answers and were not influenced by the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants 
B)  subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants about one?third (33%) of the time 
C)  subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants over one?half (50%) of the time 
D)  subjects always chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants

Question 17

__________ thrive in contemporary organizations because e-mail and Web sites have made it possible for people to communicate throughout the day without ever having to engage in face-to-face interaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Formal networks 
B)  Informal networks 
C)  Formal bureaucracy 
D)  Informal bureaucracy

Question 18

The Milgram study provides evidence that obedience to authority may be more common than most of us would like to believe.Almost two-thirds of study participants went all the way to what could have been a deadly jolt of electricity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The research conducted by Stanley Milgram and his colleagues provides evidence that obedience to authority:

Accepted Answer

A)  is relatively uncommon 
B)  takes place only in the presence of charismatic leadership 
C)  may be more common than most people would like to believe 
D)  occurs only in totalitarian situations

Question 20

In quality circles,workers are motivated to save the corporation money because they,in turn,receive bonuses or higher wages for their efforts.They have been praised for creating worker satisfaction,helping employees develop their potential,and improving productivity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

After conducting his research,Solomon Asch concluded that:

For a person who strongly believes in the value of human rights and equal opportunity,which of the following would NOT constitute a reference group?

Describe the informal structure in bureaucracies and list its positive and negative aspects.

Two people who are best friends,married couples,and domestic partnerships are all examples of:

Class (socioeconomic status based on a person's education,occupation,and income) is the most significant predictor of whether a person will participate in mainstream __________ organizations.

____________ was interested in the historical trend toward bureaucratization that accelerated during the Industrial Revolution.

Leadership in secondary groups (such as colleges,governmental agencies,and corporations) involves:

Women in traditionally male organizations may feel more visible and experience greater performance pressure.They may also find it harder to gain credibility in management positions.

Sociologist Amitai Etzioni classified formal organizations into three categories,based on the nature of membership in each.Which of the following is NOT a category of formal organizations?

Sociologist __________ suggested that small groups have distinctive interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups.

In his study of bureaucracies,sociologist __________ relied on an ideal type analysis,which he adapted from the field of economics.

According to functionalists,__________ needs are particularly important for self-expression and support from family,friends,and peers.

Examples of a(n) __________ would include people who are the same age,race,or gender,or those who share the same educational level.

Thorstein Veblen used the term __________ to characterize situations in which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up with creative solutions to problems.

In a series of experiments on pressure toward group conformity,Solomon Asch found that:

__________ thrive in contemporary organizations because e-mail and Web sites have made it possible for people to communicate throughout the day without ever having to engage in face-to-face interaction.

The Milgram study provides evidence that obedience to authority may be more common than most of us would like to believe.Almost two-thirds of study participants went all the way to what could have been a deadly jolt of electricity.

The research conducted by Stanley Milgram and his colleagues provides evidence that obedience to authority:

In quality circles,workers are motivated to save the corporation money because they,in turn,receive bonuses or higher wages for their efforts.They have been praised for creating worker satisfaction,helping employees develop their potential,and improving productivity.