Question 1

Describe the microlevel relationship between gender,gender role,gender identity,and body consciousness.Contrast this with a macrolevel analysis of gender (including gendered institutions and a gender belief system).

Accepted Answer

Gender refers to the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings,beliefs,and practices associated with "femininity" and "masculinity." According to sociologists,social and cultural processes,not biological "givens," are the most important factors in defining what females and males are,what they should do,and what sorts of relations do or should exist between them.Virtually everything social in our lives is gendered.A microlevel analysis of gender focuses on how individuals learn gender roles and acquire a gender identity.
Gender role refers to the attitudes,behavior,and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process.Gender identity is a person's perception of the self as female or male.Typically established between eighteen months and three years of age,gender identity is a powerful aspect of our self-concept.Although this identity is an individual perception,it is developed through interaction with others.As a result,most people form a gender identity that matches their biological sex.Body consciousness is how a person perceives and feels about his or her body; it also includes an awareness of social conditions in society that contribute to this self-knowledge.A macrolevel analysis of gender examines structural features,external to the individual,that perpetuate gender inequality.These structures have been referred to as gendered institutions,meaning that gender is one of the major ways by which social life is organized in all sectors of society.Gender is embedded in the images,ideas,and language of a society and is used as a means to divide up work,allocate resources,and distribute power.These institutions are reinforced by a gender belief system,which includes all the ideas regarding masculine and feminine attributes that are held to be valid in a society.This belief system is legitimated by religion,science,law,and other societal values.

Question 2

According to the text's discussion of peers and gender socialization:

Accepted Answer

A)   during adolescence, peers are usually less effective agents of gender socialization than are adults
B)   male bonding does not occur until after adolescence is completed
C)   peer acceptance does not appear to be as important to males and females today as it has been in the past
D)   peer groups on college campuses are organized largely around gender relations D

Question 3

At the core of the differences between gender and sex is the chromosomal information transmitted at the moment a child is conceived.The mother contributes an X chromosome and if the father contributes a Y chromosome,a __________ would be produced.

Accepted Answer

A)   male embryo
B)   heterosexual embryo
C)   female embryo
D)   hermaphrodite embryo A

Question 4

When children are old enough to help with household chores,they are often assigned different tasks.Maintenance chores are assigned to boys whereas domestic chores are assigned to girls.Chores may also become linked with future occupational choices and personal characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

__________ refers to the attitudes,behavior,and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sexual role
B)   Gender identity
C)   Gender role
D)   Sexual identity

Question 6

Human capital is acquired by education and job training; it is the source of a person's productivity and can be measured in terms of the return on the investment (wages) and the cost (schooling or training).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The means by which a society gains the basic necessities of life,including food,shelter,and clothing is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   the technoeconomic base
B)   the division of labor
C)   subsistence
D)   pastoralism

Question 8

At the core of the differences between gender and sex is the chromosomal information transmitted at the moment a child is conceived.The mother contributes an X chromosome and if the father contributes an X,a __________ would be produced.

Accepted Answer

A)   heterosexual embryo
B)   hermaphrodite embryo
C)   female embryo
D)   male embryo

Question 9

Summarize the process of gender socialization and identify specific ways in which sports contribute to the process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the process of gender socialization and...

Question 10

The social significance of gender stereotypes can be illustrated in a variety of ways through eating disorders.With __________,a person has lost body weight due to a compulsive fear of becoming fat.

Accepted Answer

A)   disgorgement
B)   bulimia
C)   obesity
D)   anorexia

Question 11

In the United States,males are traditionally expected to demonstrate aggressiveness and toughness,whereas females have been expected to be passive and nurturing.This illustrates the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)   sexual identity
B)   gender role
C)   sexual role
D)   gender identity

Question 12

Building on the civil rights and feminist movements of the late 1960s and the early 1970s,some contemporary black feminists have focused on the cultural experiences of African American women.A central assumption of this analysis is that race,class,and gender are forces that simultaneously oppress African American women.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

As societies industrialize,the status of women tends to improve significantly.Industrialization in the United States created a gap between the nonpaid work performed by men at home and the paid work of women.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

While most married women now share responsibility for the breadwinner role,many men do not accept their share of domestic responsibilities.Consequently,many women have a:

Accepted Answer

A)   "double-whammy"
B)   "two-tiered job"
C)   "second shift"
D)   "unbearable burden"

Question 15

__________ refer(s) to the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings,beliefs and practices associated with "femininity" and "masculinity."

Accepted Answer

A)   Gender
B)   Primary sexual identifiers
C)   Sex
D)   Secondary sexual identifiers

Question 16

Cross-dressers often "pass" for members of one sex because their appearance and mannerisms fall within the range of what is expected from members of the other sex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The text points out that gender-appropriate behavior is:

Accepted Answer

A)   acquired at birth
B)   fixed and inalterable by age five
C)   learned through the socialization process
D)   difficult for some people to learn

Question 18

Women are severely underrepresented at the top of U.S.corporations.Less than __________ of the executive jobs at Fortune 500 companies are held by women,and only fifteen women are the CEO of such a company.

Accepted Answer

A)   5 percent
B)   10 percent
C)   15 percent
D)   20 percent

Question 19

The social significance of gender stereotypes can be illustrated in a variety of ways through eating disorders.With __________,a person binges by consuming large quantities of food and then purges the food by induced vomiting,excessive exercise,laxatives,or fasting.

Accepted Answer

A)   anorexia
B)   body chiseling
C)   bulimia
D)   gestation

Question 20

Sociologist Virginia Cyrus explains,"Under __________,men are seen as 'natural' heads of the households,presidential candidates,corporate executives,college presidents,etc.Women,on the other hand,are men's subordinates,playing such supportive roles as housewife,mother,nurse,and secretary."

Accepted Answer

A)   matriarchy
B)   patriarchy
C)   polyarchy
D)   monoarchy

Exam 11: Sex and Gender

Describe the microlevel relationship between gender,gender role,gender identity,and body consciousness.Contrast this with a macrolevel analysis of gender (including gendered institutions and a gender belief system).

According to the text's discussion of peers and gender socialization:

At the core of the differences between gender and sex is the chromosomal information transmitted at the moment a child is conceived.The mother contributes an X chromosome and if the father contributes a Y chromosome,a __________ would be produced.

When children are old enough to help with household chores,they are often assigned different tasks.Maintenance chores are assigned to boys whereas domestic chores are assigned to girls.Chores may also become linked with future occupational choices and personal characteristics.

__________ refers to the attitudes,behavior,and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process.

Human capital is acquired by education and job training; it is the source of a person's productivity and can be measured in terms of the return on the investment (wages) and the cost (schooling or training).

The means by which a society gains the basic necessities of life,including food,shelter,and clothing is referred to as:

At the core of the differences between gender and sex is the chromosomal information transmitted at the moment a child is conceived.The mother contributes an X chromosome and if the father contributes an X,a __________ would be produced.

Summarize the process of gender socialization and identify specific ways in which sports contribute to the process.

The social significance of gender stereotypes can be illustrated in a variety of ways through eating disorders.With __________,a person has lost body weight due to a compulsive fear of becoming fat.

In the United States,males are traditionally expected to demonstrate aggressiveness and toughness,whereas females have been expected to be passive and nurturing.This illustrates the concept of:

As societies industrialize,the status of women tends to improve significantly.Industrialization in the United States created a gap between the nonpaid work performed by men at home and the paid work of women.

While most married women now share responsibility for the breadwinner role,many men do not accept their share of domestic responsibilities.Consequently,many women have a:

__________ refer(s) to the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings,beliefs and practices associated with "femininity" and "masculinity."

Cross-dressers often "pass" for members of one sex because their appearance and mannerisms fall within the range of what is expected from members of the other sex.

The text points out that gender-appropriate behavior is:

Women are severely underrepresented at the top of U.S.corporations.Less than __________ of the executive jobs at Fortune 500 companies are held by women,and only fifteen women are the CEO of such a company.

The social significance of gender stereotypes can be illustrated in a variety of ways through eating disorders.With __________,a person binges by consuming large quantities of food and then purges the food by induced vomiting,excessive exercise,laxatives,or fasting.

Sociologist Virginia Cyrus explains,"Under __________,men are seen as 'natural' heads of the households,presidential candidates,corporate executives,college presidents,etc.Women,on the other hand,are men's subordinates,playing such supportive roles as housewife,mother,nurse,and secretary."