Question 1

If somebody wears the same perfume or cologne every day, they may start to put on more and more after several weeks because it doesn't smell as strongly to them as it used to. This is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  anosmia. 
B)  receptor adaptation. 
C)  cognitive habituation. 
D)  cross-adaptation. 
E)  odor repression.

Question 2

The _______ is the blueberry-sized extension of the brain, just above the nose, where olfactory information is first processed.

Accepted Answer

A)  epithelium 
B)  olfactory bulb 
C)  glomerulus 
D)  olfactory cortex 
E)  thalamus

Question 3

Each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) converges onto two

Accepted Answer

A)  olfactory bulbs. 
B)  tufted cells. 
C)  olfactory cilia. 
D)  glomeruli. 
E)  supporting cells.

Question 4

_______ form part of the deepest layer of cells in the olfactory bulb. Each of these cells responds only to a few specific odorants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitral cells 
B)  Juxtaglomerular neurons 
C)  Basal cells 
D)  Tufted cells 
E)  Granule cells

Question 5

Which of the following is the translation of a chemical stimulus into a smell sensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Odor 
B)  Odorant 
C)  Olfactory entity 
D)  Olfactory stimulus 
E)  Olfactant

Question 6

_______ olfaction refers to sniffing in and perceiving odors through the nostrils, while _______ olfaction refers to perceiving odors through the mouth while chewing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal; gustatory 
B)  Gustatory; normal 
C)  Retronasal; orthonasal 
D)  Orthonasal; gustatory 
E)  Orthonasal; retronasal

Question 7

What are pheromones and chemosignals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are pheromones and chemosignals?...

Question 8

Why is olfaction unique among all of the senses in terms of its neural wiring?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a direct connection to the limbic system. 
B)  It has a direct connection to the thalamus. 
C)  Each olfactory bulb is processed by the contralateral hemisphere, unlike the other senses. 
D)  It has a direct connection to the cerebellum. 
E)  The olfactory bulbs connect directly to the orbitofrontal cortex.

Question 9

Contrary to vision and audition, odor _______ is not possible in olfaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition 
B)  identification 
C)  detection 
D)  imagery 
E)  discrimination

Question 10

This odor is created when at least 30 odorants of equal intensity that span olfactory physiochemical and psychological (perceptual) space are mixed. The resultant odor percept is the same as every other mixture of 30 odorants meeting the span and equivalent intensity criteria, even though the various mixtures do not share any common odorants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Olfactory white 
B)  Olfactory yellow 
C)  Olfactory red 
D)  Olfactory green 
E)  Olfactory blue

Question 11

The _______ phenomenon is the inability to name an odorant, even though it is very familiar.

Accepted Answer

A)  missing odor 
B)  tip-of-the-nose 
C)  blocked identification 
D)  tip-of-the-tongue 
E)  stereoisomer

Question 12

_______ are the first layer of cells surrounding the glomeruli. They are a mixture of excitatory and inhibitory cells and respond to a wide range of odorants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitral cells 
B)  Juxtaglomerular neurons 
C)  Basal cells 
D)  Tufted cells 
E)  Granule cells

Question 13

_______ are the precursor cells to olfactory sensory neurons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitral cells 
B)  Juxtaglomerular neurons 
C)  Basal cells 
D)  Tufted cells 
E)  Granule cells

Question 14

The _______ occurs when women who live in close proximity to one another begin to have menstrual cycles that coincide over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  releaser pheromone effect 
B)  primer pheromone effect 
C)  cohabitation effect 
D)  McClintock effect 
E)  menstrual cycle phenomenon

Question 15

While all mammals appear to have pretty much the same set of olfactory receptor genes, some genes in each species are _______ and are not expressed.

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant 
B)  pseudogenes 
C)  missing 
D)  hybrid 
E)  active

Question 16

Suppose you enter a hair salon and the smell of the hair dyes and other chemicals is very strong and distinctive at first. However, after a few minutes you no longer smell those chemicals. What process is responsible for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anosmia 
B)  Receptor adaptation 
C)  Cognitive habituation 
D)  Cross-adaptation 
E)  Odor repression

Question 17

_______ is the reduction in detection of one odorant following exposure to another odorant.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anosmia 
B)  Receptor adaptation 
C)  Cognitive habituation 
D)  Odor repression 
E)  Cross-adaptation

Question 18

Describe two psychophysical methods for measuring olfactory detection and discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two psychophysical methods for measuring olfactory...

Question 19

What is anosmia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is anosmia?...

Question 20

Which of the following is a neural structure located behind the main olfactory bulb?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orbitofrontal cortex 
B)  Prefrontal cortex 
C)  Main olfactory bulb 
D)  Accessory olfactory bulb 
E)  Vomeronasal organ

Exam 14: Olfaction

If somebody wears the same perfume or cologne every day, they may start to put on more and more after several weeks because it doesn't smell as strongly to them as it used to. This is due to

The _______ is the blueberry-sized extension of the brain, just above the nose, where olfactory information is first processed.

Each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) converges onto two

_______ form part of the deepest layer of cells in the olfactory bulb. Each of these cells responds only to a few specific odorants.

Which of the following is the translation of a chemical stimulus into a smell sensation?

_ olfaction refers to sniffing in and perceiving odors through the nostrils, while _ olfaction refers to perceiving odors through the mouth while chewing.

What are pheromones and chemosignals?

Why is olfaction unique among all of the senses in terms of its neural wiring?

Contrary to vision and audition, odor _______ is not possible in olfaction.

The _______ phenomenon is the inability to name an odorant, even though it is very familiar.

_______ are the first layer of cells surrounding the glomeruli. They are a mixture of excitatory and inhibitory cells and respond to a wide range of odorants.

_______ are the precursor cells to olfactory sensory neurons.

The _______ occurs when women who live in close proximity to one another begin to have menstrual cycles that coincide over time.

While all mammals appear to have pretty much the same set of olfactory receptor genes, some genes in each species are _______ and are not expressed.

Suppose you enter a hair salon and the smell of the hair dyes and other chemicals is very strong and distinctive at first. However, after a few minutes you no longer smell those chemicals. What process is responsible for this phenomenon?

_______ is the reduction in detection of one odorant following exposure to another odorant.

Describe two psychophysical methods for measuring olfactory detection and discrimination.

What is anosmia?

Which of the following is a neural structure located behind the main olfactory bulb?