Question 1

An _______ is a molecule defined by its physiochemical characteristics and is capable of being translated by the nervous system into the perception of a smell.

Accepted Answer

A)   odor
B)   odorant
C)   olfactory entity
D)   olfactory stimulus
E)   olfactant B

Question 2

If you are stung by a honeybee, many other bees nearby may be cued to sting you because the first bee emitted a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   chemosignal.
B)   odorant.
C)   releaser pheromone.
D)   primer pheromone.
E)   olfactant. C

Question 3

Sometimes odorants can stimulate the somatosensory system through polymodal nociceptors. These sensations are mediated by the _______, which transmits information about the "feel" of an odorant.

Accepted Answer

A)   prefrontal cortex
B)   ciliary nerve
C)   maxillary nerve
D)   trigeminal nerve
E)   endocrine system D

Question 4

_______ is the competition between two nostrils for odor perception.

Accepted Answer

A)   Binocular rivalry
B)   Binaral rivalry
C)   Anosmia
D)   Odor synthesis
E)   Nostril wars

Question 5

If you taste the fruit characteristics of a fine wine, what kind of olfaction are you engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)   Retronasal
B)   Allonasal
C)   Pseudonasal
D)   Orthonasal
E)   Ipsinasal

Question 6

Describe three ways in which the olfactory system adapts to smells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three ways in which the olfactory...

Question 7

Which of the following is consistent with the idea that olfactory preferences are genetically determined?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants develop greater preferences for distinctive-smelling odors that their mothers consumed during pregnancy.
B)   California ground squirrels have a defensive response the first time they are exposed to the odor of their natural predator, the Pacific rattlesnake.
C)   Indigenous peoples of the Bering Strait prefer rotten-smelling fish and meat.
D)   Many Japanese people find cheese disgusting.
E)   People develop a taste aversion to foods that have made them sick in the past.

Question 8

Odor hedonics is

Accepted Answer

A)   responsible for odor detection.
B)   the precise description of various odors.
C)   the intensity ratings of various odors.
D)   the "liking" dimension of odor perception.
E)   the study of odor creation.

Question 9

When people are going through chemotherapy, they often feel very nauseous. Because of this, they are instructed to avoid eating foods they normally like because they might acquire a(n) _______ and not want to eat their favorite foods again.

Accepted Answer

A)   odor trauma
B)   restricted aversion
C)   odor dilemma
D)   olfactory overdose
E)   learned taste aversion

Question 10

As people age, what happens to their olfactory sensitivity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Olfactory sensitivity is highest as a child, then declines in middle adulthood and old age.
B)   Olfactory sensitivity is lowest as a child, then increases in middle adulthood and old age.
C)   Olfactory sensitivity is low as a child, high during middle adulthood, and then decreases in old age.
D)   Olfactory sensitivity is high as a child, low during middle adulthood, and then high again in old age.
E)   Olfactory sensitivity stays at a constant level from childhood to old age.

Question 11

The limbic system is a group of neural structures that is involved in many aspects of

Accepted Answer

A)   odor detection.
B)   emotion and memory.
C)   odor adaptation.
D)   pain regulation involving odors.
E)   odor habituation.

Question 12

The brain region responsible for processing smell is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   amygdala.
B)   parietal lobe.
C)   primary olfactory cortex.
D)   occipital cortex.
E)   thalamus.

Question 13

The shape-pattern theory of olfaction is based on the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)   every perceived smell has a different vibrational frequency.
B)   the olfactory receptors can change their shapes to fit the odorants' shapes.
C)   the firing pattern of neurons in the olfactory bulb is not important to odor perception.
D)   the olfactory bulb recognizes specific patterns of odors.
E)   odorants' shapes fit into the olfactory receptors' shapes.

Question 14

One explanation for why our senses of smell and language are so disconnected is that

Accepted Answer

A)   language developed earlier than smell.
B)   olfactory information is not integrated in the thalamus prior to processing in the cortex.
C)   olfactory information is not integrated in the cortex prior to processing in the thalamus.
D)   there is no need to have connections between smell and language.
E)   smell is only of secondary use to humans.

Question 15

Which of the following is a chemical-sensing organ in non-human animals located at the base of the nasal cavity, with a curved, tubular shape?

Accepted Answer

A)   Orbitofrontal cortex
B)   Prefrontal cortex
C)   Main olfactory bulb
D)   Accessory olfactory bulb
E)   Vomeronasal organ

Question 16

_______ form part of the deepest layer of cells in the olfactory bulb. They comprise an extensive network of inhibitory neurons, integrate input from all the earlier projections, and are thought to be the basis of specific odorant identification.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mitral cells
B)   Juxtaglomerular neurons
C)   Basal cells
D)   Tufted cells
E)   Granule cells

Question 17

The _______ is a bony structure riddled with tiny holes, at the level of the eyebrows, which separates the nose from the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus
B)   olfactory mucosa
C)   olfactory bulb
D)   olfactory epithelium
E)   cribriform plate

Question 18

The vibration theory of olfaction contends that

Accepted Answer

A)   trigeminal nerve vibrations transmit odor sensations.
B)   vibrations cause odorous molecules to spread through the air.
C)   vibrations mediate the transfer of neural signals in the brain.
D)   there is a different vibrational frequency for every perceived smell.
E)   maxillary nerve vibrations transmit odor sensations.

Question 19

Suppose you have to smell three perfumes, two of which are the same and one of which is different. How would you determine which perfume is different?

Accepted Answer

A)   Triangle test
B)   Staircase method
C)   Binaral rivalry task
D)   Olfactory imagery
E)   Direct matching task

Question 20

What is the anatomical sequence of how odors are sensed, from nose to brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the anatomical sequence of how...

Exam 14: Olfaction