Question 1

Which of the following is a data-collection tool that relies on specific responses and close-ended answers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Survey 
B)  Structured interview 
C)  Unstructured interview 
D)  Observation

Question 2

What kind of sampling do snowball sampling, quota sampling, and expert sampling reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Convenience sampling 
B)  Systematic sampling 
C)  Purposive sampling 
D)  None of the above

Question 3

You have just completed an experimental study design and you would like to claim that the results are an outcome of the treatment variable. What type of validity must you be confident in to make a cause-and-effect relationship claim?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have just completed an experimental study...

Question 4

Which of the following types of data is represented by the ranking of your favourite hobbies from most favourite to least favourite?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ordinal data 
B)  Nominal data 
C)  Interval data 
D)  Ratio data

Question 5

If you wanted to reduce selection bias, which sampling method would you not use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic sampling 
B)  Non-probability sampling 
C)  Stratified random sampling 
D)  Random selection

Question 6

Discrete data include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nominal data 
B)  Interval data 
C)  Nominal and interval data 
D)  Nominal and ordinal data

Question 7

Your professor has assigned a project where you are required to replicate the findings from a previously conducted research project. After completing the project, you determine that you are unable to replicate the results. This could represent an issue related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliability 
B)  Logical validity 
C)  Construct validity 
D)  Both a and c

Question 8

You need to collect a wide range of variables for your research project and you want to use measures that assess anxiety, depression scores, physical activity levels, and physical activity preference. What method of data collection typically involves a mix of rating scales?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observation 
B)  Unstructured interview 
C)  Surveys (e.g., questionnaires) 
D)  Structured interview

Question 9

Extraneous variables should also be control variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In a simple between-groups design, it is important to randomize participants to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conditions 
B)  The order of the conditions 
C)  The conditions and the order of the conditions 
D)  None of the above

Question 11

Compare and contrast a non-experimental study design, a pre-experimental study design, and a true experiment. Discuss the three study designs in terms of random assignment to experimental groups and the presence of an intervention or manipulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast a non-experimental study design,...

Question 12

Reliability reflects the degree to which you have confidence in your conclusions based on the research conducted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Define external validity and discuss how experimental designs make it difficult to claim.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define external validity and discuss how experimental...

Question 14

What is the purpose of administering a pre-test- post-test design? Give an example of how you would administer a pre-test-post-test design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the purpose of administering a...

Question 15

If you wanted to complete a study comparing adolescent, middle age, and senior adult health related behaviours, which sampling method would be most beneficial to ensure that there is an equal representation of each age group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systematic sampling 
B)  Convenience sampling 
C)  Purposive sampling 
D)  Stratified random sampling

Question 16

What is the big distinguishing feature between a true experimental design and a quasi-experimental research design?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the big distinguishing feature between...

Question 17

Ordinal data and interval data both involve quantities that are ordered. What is the distinguishing characteristic between the two?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ordinal data provide information on the difference and direction of difference between the values 
B)  Ordinal data have an absolute 0 point 
C)  Interval data involve interval values that are known and equal 
D)  In interval data the intervals between each value may not be known

Question 18

An experimental design consists of an experimental group and a control group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Threats related to the participations, such as maturation, selection bias, and experimental drop-out, are typically related to what kind of decreased validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  External validity 
B)  Internal validity 
C)  Reliability 
D)  Logical validity

Question 20

If the people in your study are not randomly assigned to groups, you are completing a descriptive study design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Quantitative Study Design

Which of the following is a data-collection tool that relies on specific responses and close-ended answers?

What kind of sampling do snowball sampling, quota sampling, and expert sampling reflect?

You have just completed an experimental study design and you would like to claim that the results are an outcome of the treatment variable. What type of validity must you be confident in to make a cause-and-effect relationship claim?

Which of the following types of data is represented by the ranking of your favourite hobbies from most favourite to least favourite?

If you wanted to reduce selection bias, which sampling method would you not use?

Discrete data include which of the following?

Your professor has assigned a project where you are required to replicate the findings from a previously conducted research project. After completing the project, you determine that you are unable to replicate the results. This could represent an issue related to which of the following?

You need to collect a wide range of variables for your research project and you want to use measures that assess anxiety, depression scores, physical activity levels, and physical activity preference. What method of data collection typically involves a mix of rating scales?

Extraneous variables should also be control variables.

In a simple between-groups design, it is important to randomize participants to which of the following?

Compare and contrast a non-experimental study design, a pre-experimental study design, and a true experiment. Discuss the three study designs in terms of random assignment to experimental groups and the presence of an intervention or manipulation.

Reliability reflects the degree to which you have confidence in your conclusions based on the research conducted.

Define external validity and discuss how experimental designs make it difficult to claim.

What is the purpose of administering a pre-test- post-test design? Give an example of how you would administer a pre-test-post-test design.

If you wanted to complete a study comparing adolescent, middle age, and senior adult health related behaviours, which sampling method would be most beneficial to ensure that there is an equal representation of each age group?

What is the big distinguishing feature between a true experimental design and a quasi-experimental research design?

Ordinal data and interval data both involve quantities that are ordered. What is the distinguishing characteristic between the two?

An experimental design consists of an experimental group and a control group.

Threats related to the participations, such as maturation, selection bias, and experimental drop-out, are typically related to what kind of decreased validity?

If the people in your study are not randomly assigned to groups, you are completing a descriptive study design.