Question 1

While community member participation is important within participatory action research, participants are not typically involved in identifying research questions and interpreting findings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Theory and practice are equally important within participatory action research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following theories naturally inform participatory action research by calling into question power imbalances that serve as the foundation of social injustices?

Accepted Answer

A)   Feminist theory
B)   Participatory theory
C)   Social cognitive theory
D)   Social ecological theory A

Question 4

What are the three general steps of the action research spiral?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the three general steps of...

Question 5

What are two ways in which theory can be used within participatory action research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are two ways in which theory...

Question 6

Which social psychologist provided the stimulus to action research movements within various academic disciplines?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kurt Lewin
B)   Robert Schinke
C)   Sarah Oosman
D)   Wendy Frisby

Question 7

What features of participatory action research make this type of study design a respectful approach for engaging populations that are typically underrepresented in kinesiology research? Please be sure to describe these features.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What features of participatory action research make...

Question 8

Which of the following defining features is typically not associated with participatory action research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Emancipatory
B)   Critical
C)   Experimental
D)   Participatory

Question 9

What are the phases of the five-phase participatory action research approach?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the phases of the five-phase...

Question 10

Which of the following statements best represents the "reflexive" nature of participatory action research?

Accepted Answer

A)   The process of transformation occurs through action and reflection by the general public.
B)   The process of transformation occurs through cycles of action and reflection among and between all those involved.
C)   The process of transformation occurs through immediate action and reflection among community members.
D)   The process of transformation occurs through definitive action and reflection among researchers.

Question 11

Which of the following descriptions represents participatory action research as a "social process"?

Accepted Answer

A)   PAR provides the foundation for addressing unjust constraints that are inherent in the social context within which people interact
B)   PAR supports participants in freeing themselves from the constraints of social injustices
C)   Those engaged in PAR are committed to examining relationships
D)   Those involved in PAR are engaged throughout the various research phases

Question 12

Theory must not play a role in informing participatory action research practices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

How are processes of data generation identified within participatory action research, and what are three possible processes for generating data within participatory action research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are processes of data generation identified...

Question 14

Two common study designs for carrying out participatory action research are the action research spiral and a five-phase participatory action research approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A relativistic approach is useful for evaluating participatory action research. Which of the following has not been identified as a characterizing trait that can support researchers in judging the quality of research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Community-driven
B)   Prolonged engagement and consultation
C)   Project deliverables
D)   Revenue generating

Question 16

Although the participatory action research process is often depicted as a neat spiral, what is a better way to conceptualize the process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Constrained and restrictive process
B)   Fluid and responsive process
C)   Straight and linear process
D)   Constrained and linear process

Question 17

Kemmis and McTaggart (2008) described participatory action research as having seven key defining features. Identify and describe four of these defining features.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kemmis and McTaggart (2008) described participatory action...

Question 18

Which of the following defining features make participatory action research a respectful approach for engaging underrepresented populations in research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Collaborative
B)   Reliable
C)   Trustworthy
D)   Valid

Question 19

Within the context of participatory action research, what does the term "emancipatory" mean?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Within the context of participatory action research,...

Question 20

Which of the following descriptions refers to the "critical" nature of participatory action research?

Accepted Answer

A)   PAR provides the foundation for addressing unjust constraints that are inherent in the social context within which people interact.
B)   PAR supports participants in freeing themselves from the constraints of social injustices.
C)   Those engaged in PAR are committed to examining relationships.
D)   Those involved in PAR are engaged throughout the various research phases.

Exam 11: Participatory Action Research