Question 1

Which structure has been shown to be involved in sustained attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Superior colliculus 
B)  Lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus 
C)  Basal ganglia and lateral geniculate nucleus 
D)  Frontal cortex and basal ganglia

Question 2

Describe how Gallant and colleagues used patterns of brain activity from training videos, along with YouTube clips, to reconstruct visual experiences in subjects. How do these experiments address the "easy problem of consciousness"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how Gallant and colleagues used patterns...

Question 3

Which structures have been identified as having role in conscious awareness?

Accepted Answer

A)  The temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and the frontal eye fields (FEF) 
B)  The claustrum, the lateral frontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate 
C)  The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and superior parietal lobule (SPL) 
D)  The frontal eye field, the ventral frontal cortex, and the claustrum

Question 4

Which area of the brain is responsible for the processing of faces?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fusiform face area 
B)  Parahippocampal place area 
C)  V2 
D)  Anterior parietal cortex

Question 5

Two of the main subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex are the _______ and _______ areas.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory; motor 
B)  motor; premotor 
C)  dorsolateral; orbitofrontal 
D)  dorsolateral; mediolateral

Question 6

In a peripheral spatial cuing task, the phenomenon of inhibition of return is observed when the cue-to-target interval is

Accepted Answer

A)  in the range of 0-100 ms. 
B)  in the range of 100-300 ms. 
C)  at 200 ms only. 
D)  in the range of 300-500 ms.

Question 7

The physician's report on the effects of Phineas Gage's brain injury provided early information about the functional role of

Accepted Answer

A)  the parietal cortex. 
B)  the premotor areas. 
C)  the frontal lobes. 
D)  Wernicke's area.

Question 8

Describe the allocation of cognitive resources in terms of the cocktail party effect. How does alcohol influence this effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the allocation of cognitive resources in...

Question 9

The _______ guides attentional eye movements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ guides attentional eye movements....

Question 10

The study of brain mechanisms at work during economic decision-making is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of brain mechanisms at work...

Question 11

The unconscious shifts in attention that come about in response to important changes in our environment are considered _______ processes.

Accepted Answer

A)  bottom-up 
B)  top-down 
C)  conceptual shift 
D)  stimulus cuing

Question 12

In monkeys, the direction of attention to particular locations, regardless of stimulus modality, is correlated with neural activity in the

Accepted Answer

A)  LIP. 
B)  frontal eye field. 
C)  temporoparietal junction. 
D)  pulvinar.

Question 13

The average reaction time in an uncomplicated choice reaction time test (i.e., the time it takes for the premotor cortex to become activated and for the person to push the choice button) is approximately _______ ms.

Accepted Answer

A)  35 
B)  55 
C)  150 
D)  325

Question 14

The "hard problem of consciousness" refers to the difficulty of understanding

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of qualia on the pineal gland. 
B)  the brain processes that result in a person's unique subjective experience. 
C)  how particular patterns of activity create specific conscious experiences. 
D)  the neural correlates of free will and agency.

Question 15

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: endogenous; exogenous; top-down; bottom-up.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating...

Question 16

The phenomenon of _______ is an adaptive feature of our attentional system that prevents reflexive attention from settling on unimportant stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  top-down processing 
B)  bottom-up processing 
C)  inhibition of return 
D)  attentional bottleneck

Question 17

Failure to consciously perceive nonattended stimuli is a form of

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness. 
B)  shadowing. 
C)  inattentional blindness. 
D)  covert attention.

Question 18

Neglect of one side of the body and the space around it can result from injury to the

Accepted Answer

A)  left inferior frontal lobe. 
B)  right inferior parietal cortex. 
C)  left angular gyrus. 
D)  left planum temporale.

Question 19

Bálint's syndrome is characterized by three symptoms, including

Accepted Answer

A)  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 
B)  hemispatial neglect (inability to perceive or attend to the left half of anything). 
C)  anosognosia (denial of illness). 
D)  oculomotor apraxia (difficulty voluntarily directing one's gaze).

Question 20

LIP stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral inferior pulvinar. 
B)  lateral inferior peduncle. 
C)  lateral intraparietal area. 
D)  lateral intrasylvian perimeter.

Exam 18: Attention and Higher Cognition