Question 1

The _______ appears to be specialized for the detection of pheromones.

Accepted Answer

vomeronasal organ

Question 2

In mammals, whether the body (not brain) develops in a male or female pattern during a particular species' sensitive period for sexual differentiation depends

Accepted Answer

A)   neither on estrogen nor androgen.
B)   mostly on testosterone.
C)   on autosomes.
D)   on adrenal steroids. B

Question 3

The sensitive period for the organizing effects of androgens may occur postnatally in some _______ species.

Accepted Answer

A)   precocial
B)   altricial
C)   monomorphic
D)   dimorphic B

Question 4

In terms of the stages of reproductive behavior, parental behaviors are classified as _______ behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of the stages of reproductive...

Question 5

Which of the following is not a proceptive behavior displayed by female rats?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ear-wiggling
B)   A hopping and darting gait
C)   Lordosis
D)   All of the above are proceptive behaviors displayed by female rats.

Question 6

Androgen-insensitive rats have _______ SNBs and _______ SDN-POAs.

Accepted Answer

A)   small; large
B)   large; large
C)   large; small
D)   small; small

Question 7

Which of the following factors is most important in determining whether an adult male rat and a female rat will mate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Willingness of the female
B)   Size of the female
C)   Size of the male
D)   Assertiveness of the male

Question 8

The main activity of male and female rats following intromission is

Accepted Answer

A)   grooming.
B)   sleeping.
C)   vocalization.
D)   locomotion.

Question 9

Based on presented evidence, describe and critically discuss the likelihood that 1) prenatal events can affect sexual orientation in humans 2) genes may influence but not determine human sexual orientation. Critically discuss the idea that humans choose their sexual orientation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on presented evidence, describe and critically...

Question 10

The SDN-POA of the female spotted hyena is

Accepted Answer

A)   masculine.
B)   feminine.
C)   virtually absent.
D)   very large.

Question 11

Refer to the figure.
 This data supports which of these conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Differences in early development may help explain differences between sexual orientation groups.
B)   There must be a strong social component to explain differences between sexual orientation groups.
C)   Homosexual men likely experienced low exposure to fetal androgen.
D)   Factors and indicators associated with homosexuality in males differ from those in females.

Question 12

Describe the sexual behavior of female rats after ovariectomy, the particular hormone treatments that reverse the effects of ovariectomy, and the reasons that the hormone treatments must be given at particular times.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the sexual behavior of female rats...

Question 13

Sperm and ova are known as _______, and when they fuse they form a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   undifferentiated cells; zygote
B)   zygotes; embryo
C)   zygotes; gamete
D)   gametes; zygote

Question 14

Provide a thorough overview of the sequence of events that normally occurs as a developing mammal differentiates into a female (the quasi-"default pattern"). Note at each stage what active intervention does not occur and why.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide a thorough overview of the sequence...

Question 15

The masculinization of female hyenas may be a consequence of a lack of _______ in the _______ during early development.

Accepted Answer

A)   aromatase; brain
B)   aromatase; placenta
C)   5-reductase; placenta
D)   5-reductase; brain

Question 16

Which of the following stages includes proceptive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sexual attraction
B)   Appetitive behavior
C)   Copulation
D)   Postcopulatory behavior

Question 17

Which brain structure is activated in both males and females during orgasm?

Accepted Answer

A)   Basal forebrain
B)   Amygdala
C)   Cerebellum
D)   Superior colliculus

Question 18

Outline the neuroanatomical circuitry controlling male sexual behavior in rats. Briefly describe which steroids affect this system and how.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline the neuroanatomical circuitry controlling male sexual...

Question 19

Which of the following would be possessed at birth by an XY individual with genetically disabled 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-reductase enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ovaries
B)   Fully developed mullerian duct
C)   Labia
D)   Penis

Question 20

The first standardized information about human sex behavior was obtained by

Accepted Answer

A)   Beach.
B)   Kinsey.
C)   Masters and Johnson.
D)   Money and Ehrhardt.

Exam 12: Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases