Question 1

The first psychology laboratories in the United States appeared in what decade?

Accepted Answer

A)  1860s
B)  1880s
C)  1900s
D)  1920s B

Question 2

The new science of psychology was established in universities as part of existing departments of philosophy. The philosophical psychology in these departmentswas known as

Accepted Answer

A)  empirical psychology
B)  faculty psychology
C)  mental philosophy
D)  psychophysics C

Question 3

Locke's concept of tabula rasa or the mind as a blank slate

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasized the importance of nativist influences
B)  minimized the role of sensation in acquiring knowledge
C)  denied the existence of innate ideas
D)  meant that thought played the only role in the mind's acquisition of knowledge C

Question 4

Scottish faculty psychology emphasized the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  reflection
B)  free will
C)  observation
D)  innate faculties

Question 5

The new science of psychology's battle for scientific respectability was partially undermined by a famous psychologist who showed a strong interest in the pseudosciences. Who was he?

Accepted Answer

A)  William James
B)  Phineas Quimby
C)  Wilhelm Wundt
D)  Franz Gall

Question 6

Discuss phrenology, physiognomy mesmerism spiritualists, and mental healers in terms of the psychological services that they offered that would be similar to what professional psychologists provide today

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss phrenology, physiognomy mesmerism spiritualists, and mental...

Question 7

Discuss the ideas of the British empiricists as they laid the foundation for a modern science of psychology

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the ideas of the British empiricists...

Question 8

Thomas Upham divided mental philosophy into three realms

Accepted Answer

A)  intellect, sensibilities, and will
B)  sensations, perceptions, and images
C)  thinking, learning, and memory
D)  mind, consciousness, and soul

Question 9

Assessing personality and ability by measuring the bumps and indentations of a person's head defined the pseudoscience known as

Accepted Answer

A)  physiognomy
B)  psychophysics
C)  characterology
D)  phrenology

Question 10

Contrary to the views of the British empiricists, the Scottish realists argued that

Accepted Answer

A)  innate ideas make up a substantial portion of consciousness
B)  psychology could never be an empirical science because the observed and observer would be the same
C)  sensation and reflection are the means by which all learning occurs
D)  the objects and events of the world are directly knowable

Question 11

Discuss the British and Scottish antecedents that gave rise to American mental philosophy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the British and Scottish antecedents that...

Question 12

When phrenological exams revealed negative qualities in an individual, the phrenologist would

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage the client to disguise those qualities
B)  focus instead on the positive qualities
C)  encourage the client to work to improve those qualities
D)  Phrenologists never identified negative qualities in their clients; it was bad for business.

Question 13

What is meant by "a public psychology"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by "a public psychology"?...

Question 14

The new scientific psychology rejected the public psychologies and mental philosophy described in this chapter. What specific objections would scientific
psychology have raised against each of thos?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The new scientific psychology rejected the public...

Question 15

The principal activity of spiritualists in their séances was to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide contact with the dead
B)  help the recently departed find peace in the afterlife
C)  bolster religious beliefs by confirming that there was an afterlife
D)  determine the cause of death in cases where the circumstances of the death were mysterious

Question 16

The pseudoscience that evaluated a person's personality and abilities based on facial features is

Accepted Answer

A)  physiognomy
B)  psychophysics
C)  phrenology
D)  mesmerism

Question 17

According to John Locke, all knowledge comes from two sources

Accepted Answer

A)  the mind and experience
B)  acquired and innate ideas
C)  perception and learning
D)  sensation and reflection

Question 18

What was the basic premise of what was called the "mind cure" movement, also known as the "new thought" movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  that chemical imbalances in the brain created psychological disturbances
B)  that physical healing resided in a person's mental powers
C)  that mental illness, like physical illness, was the result of medical causes
D)  that spirituality was the key to good physical health

Question 19

It is suggested that mesmerism could be described as the beginnings of _________________ in America.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychology
B)  psychiatry
C)  psychotherapy
D)  vocational counseling

Question 20

Which of the following pseudosciences was particularly used to validate ethnic stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesmerism
B)  spiritualism
C)  physiognomy
D)  new-thought movement

Exam 1: Pre-Scientific Psychology