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Passage Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Is a Medical Imaging Technique Used

Question 27

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique used for the detection of tumors and the evaluation of neurological functions.  A radiopharmaceutical (radioactive tracer) injected into a patient undergoes positive beta decay and emits a positron.  The positron undergoes an annihilation event with a nearby electron (<1 mm away) , which emits a pair of 511 keV gamma ray photons traveling in opposite directions.  The gamma rays are detected by a ring of scintillation detectors surrounding the patient, as shown in Figure 1.  The difference in detection time between the two gamma rays from the same annihilation event is used to determine its location.  An image is constructed from data collected from multiple emission events.
Passage Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique used for the detection of tumors and the evaluation of neurological functions.  A radiopharmaceutical (radioactive tracer) injected into a patient undergoes positive beta decay and emits a positron.  The positron undergoes an annihilation event with a nearby electron (<1 mm away) , which emits a pair of 511 keV gamma ray photons traveling in opposite directions.  The gamma rays are detected by a ring of scintillation detectors surrounding the patient, as shown in Figure 1.  The difference in detection time between the two gamma rays from the same annihilation event is used to determine its location.  An image is constructed from data collected from multiple emission events. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Basic setup and process of positron emission tomographyScintillation, the emission of detectable light when excited electrons return to their ground state, occurs in crystals within the detectors due to the transfer of energy from the high energy gamma rays.  The wavelength of the emitted light depends exclusively on the type of scintillation material used (Table 1) .<strong>Table 1</strong>  Common PET Scintillating Crystal Materials The electrons in the scintillating crystals are excited through Compton scattering, a process in which a gamma ray photon acts as a particle, and transfers energy to an electron via collision.  Subsequently, the photon scatters (travels in a new direction) and its wavelength changes.  The percent change in the wavelength of the photon due to the energy loss is <strong>Equation 1</strong>where θ is the angle between the scattered photon and electron.  Equation 1 is represented in Figure 2. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Percent change in photon wavelength due to Compton scattering -If one gamma photon out of a pair is Compton-scattered within the patient (not at the detector) and both gamma photons are still detected, which of the following would be seen?The frequency of the scattered photon would be lower.The point of origin would appear to be at a different location.The velocity of the photon would decrease. A) II only B) III only C) I and II only D) I and III only Figure 1  Basic setup and process of positron emission tomographyScintillation, the emission of detectable light when excited electrons return to their ground state, occurs in crystals within the detectors due to the transfer of energy from the high energy gamma rays.  The wavelength of the emitted light depends exclusively on the type of scintillation material used (Table 1) .Table 1  Common PET Scintillating Crystal Materials
Passage Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique used for the detection of tumors and the evaluation of neurological functions.  A radiopharmaceutical (radioactive tracer) injected into a patient undergoes positive beta decay and emits a positron.  The positron undergoes an annihilation event with a nearby electron (<1 mm away) , which emits a pair of 511 keV gamma ray photons traveling in opposite directions.  The gamma rays are detected by a ring of scintillation detectors surrounding the patient, as shown in Figure 1.  The difference in detection time between the two gamma rays from the same annihilation event is used to determine its location.  An image is constructed from data collected from multiple emission events. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Basic setup and process of positron emission tomographyScintillation, the emission of detectable light when excited electrons return to their ground state, occurs in crystals within the detectors due to the transfer of energy from the high energy gamma rays.  The wavelength of the emitted light depends exclusively on the type of scintillation material used (Table 1) .<strong>Table 1</strong>  Common PET Scintillating Crystal Materials The electrons in the scintillating crystals are excited through Compton scattering, a process in which a gamma ray photon acts as a particle, and transfers energy to an electron via collision.  Subsequently, the photon scatters (travels in a new direction) and its wavelength changes.  The percent change in the wavelength of the photon due to the energy loss is <strong>Equation 1</strong>where θ is the angle between the scattered photon and electron.  Equation 1 is represented in Figure 2. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Percent change in photon wavelength due to Compton scattering -If one gamma photon out of a pair is Compton-scattered within the patient (not at the detector) and both gamma photons are still detected, which of the following would be seen?The frequency of the scattered photon would be lower.The point of origin would appear to be at a different location.The velocity of the photon would decrease. A) II only B) III only C) I and II only D) I and III only The electrons in the scintillating crystals are excited through Compton scattering, a process in which a gamma ray photon acts as a particle, and transfers energy to an electron via collision.  Subsequently, the photon scatters (travels in a new direction) and its wavelength changes.  The percent change in the wavelength of the photon due to the energy loss is
Passage Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique used for the detection of tumors and the evaluation of neurological functions.  A radiopharmaceutical (radioactive tracer) injected into a patient undergoes positive beta decay and emits a positron.  The positron undergoes an annihilation event with a nearby electron (<1 mm away) , which emits a pair of 511 keV gamma ray photons traveling in opposite directions.  The gamma rays are detected by a ring of scintillation detectors surrounding the patient, as shown in Figure 1.  The difference in detection time between the two gamma rays from the same annihilation event is used to determine its location.  An image is constructed from data collected from multiple emission events. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Basic setup and process of positron emission tomographyScintillation, the emission of detectable light when excited electrons return to their ground state, occurs in crystals within the detectors due to the transfer of energy from the high energy gamma rays.  The wavelength of the emitted light depends exclusively on the type of scintillation material used (Table 1) .<strong>Table 1</strong>  Common PET Scintillating Crystal Materials The electrons in the scintillating crystals are excited through Compton scattering, a process in which a gamma ray photon acts as a particle, and transfers energy to an electron via collision.  Subsequently, the photon scatters (travels in a new direction) and its wavelength changes.  The percent change in the wavelength of the photon due to the energy loss is <strong>Equation 1</strong>where θ is the angle between the scattered photon and electron.  Equation 1 is represented in Figure 2. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Percent change in photon wavelength due to Compton scattering -If one gamma photon out of a pair is Compton-scattered within the patient (not at the detector) and both gamma photons are still detected, which of the following would be seen?The frequency of the scattered photon would be lower.The point of origin would appear to be at a different location.The velocity of the photon would decrease. A) II only B) III only C) I and II only D) I and III only Equation 1where θ is the angle between the scattered photon and electron.  Equation 1 is represented in Figure 2.
Passage Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique used for the detection of tumors and the evaluation of neurological functions.  A radiopharmaceutical (radioactive tracer) injected into a patient undergoes positive beta decay and emits a positron.  The positron undergoes an annihilation event with a nearby electron (<1 mm away) , which emits a pair of 511 keV gamma ray photons traveling in opposite directions.  The gamma rays are detected by a ring of scintillation detectors surrounding the patient, as shown in Figure 1.  The difference in detection time between the two gamma rays from the same annihilation event is used to determine its location.  An image is constructed from data collected from multiple emission events. <strong>Figure 1</strong>  Basic setup and process of positron emission tomographyScintillation, the emission of detectable light when excited electrons return to their ground state, occurs in crystals within the detectors due to the transfer of energy from the high energy gamma rays.  The wavelength of the emitted light depends exclusively on the type of scintillation material used (Table 1) .<strong>Table 1</strong>  Common PET Scintillating Crystal Materials The electrons in the scintillating crystals are excited through Compton scattering, a process in which a gamma ray photon acts as a particle, and transfers energy to an electron via collision.  Subsequently, the photon scatters (travels in a new direction) and its wavelength changes.  The percent change in the wavelength of the photon due to the energy loss is <strong>Equation 1</strong>where θ is the angle between the scattered photon and electron.  Equation 1 is represented in Figure 2. <strong>Figure 2</strong>  Percent change in photon wavelength due to Compton scattering -If one gamma photon out of a pair is Compton-scattered within the patient (not at the detector) and both gamma photons are still detected, which of the following would be seen?The frequency of the scattered photon would be lower.The point of origin would appear to be at a different location.The velocity of the photon would decrease. A) II only B) III only C) I and II only D) I and III only Figure 2  Percent change in photon wavelength due to Compton scattering

-If one gamma photon out of a pair is Compton-scattered within the patient (not at the detector) and both gamma photons are still detected, which of the following would be seen?The frequency of the scattered photon would be lower.The point of origin would appear to be at a different location.The velocity of the photon would decrease.


A) II only
B) III only
C) I and II only
D) I and III only

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