A Study Was Conducted to Assess the Relationship Between the Use

A study was conducted to assess the relationship between the use of an over-the-counter pain reliever during pregnancy and the development of a neural tube defect in the offspring.  Mothers whose children have neural tube defects, as well as age-matched controls (mothers whose children do not have such abnormalities) , were interviewed using a standard questionnaire.  The study showed that the use of the pain reliever during pregnancy increases the odds of a neural tube defect, even after adjusting for race, other medication use, comorbidities, family history of congenital abnormalities, and serum folate levels.  The odds ratio is 1.5 (p = 0.03) .  Which of the following should be the major concern when interpreting the results of this study?

A) Selection bias
B) Interviewer bias
C) Recall bias
D) Observer bias
E) Confounding

Correct Answer:

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