A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigated the Effect of Body Awareness

A randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of body awareness therapy (BAT) and aerobic exercises on pain and quality of life in patients with tension-type headache.  Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups:  BAT group, aerobic exercise (AE) group, and control group.  Main outcomes were pain severity evaluated by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ; pain-related disability measured by the Pain Disability Index (PDI) ; impact of headaches measured by the Headache Impact Tests (HIT) ; and quality of life measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) .  Baseline characteristics concerning age, weight, height, BMI, VAS, and HIT were not statistically different among the groups (p > 0.05) .  However, there was a statistically significant difference among the groups (p < 0.05) in mean baseline PDI values.  Further evaluation of baseline PDI values revealed the following: Which of the following is likely to be the most valid measure of central tendency for baseline PDI data?

A) Mean and median both equally valid
B) Mean, median, and mode all equally valid
C) Mean only
D) Median only
E) Mode only

Correct Answer:

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