Question 1

Carbonic acid is produced in the largest quantity and is the major source of hydrogen ions in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

breathing difficulties. He is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gout, and coronary artery disease.   Height: 5&#0039;9&#0034;   Weight: 220 pounds   LABS:                                 Normal Values                            Arterial BGs:                          Normal values Na = 133 mEq/L                   (135&ndash;147) mEq/L                         pH = 7.9                              (7.35&ndash;7.45) Cl = 103 mEq/L                    (95&ndash;107) mEq/L                           pCO2 = 30 mmHg                (35&ndash;45) mmHg K = 4.1 mEq/L                      (3.5&ndash;5.2) mEq/L                           pO2 = 96 mmHg                   (70&ndash;100) mmHg Glucose = 207 mmol/L         (up to 140) mmol/L                      HCO3 = 26 mEq/L               (19&ndash;25) mEq/L BUN = 25 mmol/L                (7&ndash;20) mmol/L Creatinine = 1.5 mmol/L       (0.5&ndash;1.4) mmol/L Albumin 3.2 mmol/L             (3.2&ndash;5) mmol/L Cholesterol = 320 mmol/L     (< 200) mmol/L   Mr. X is likely to have 
-Mr. X is likely to have which acid-base disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  physical acidosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis 
C)  respiratory alkalosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis 
E)  metabolic alkalosis

Question 3

Respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, result in the inability to maintain adequate oxygenation or release of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary...

Question 4

Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis may occur when a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receives _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis may occur...

Question 5

In terms of mixed acid-base disorders, which of the following is not possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis 
B)  respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis 
C)  metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis 
D)  metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis 
E)  metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis

Question 6

Acidemia is the actual decrease in pH within the body to:

Accepted Answer

A) 7.75 
B) 7.6 
C) 7.55 
D) 7.45 
E) 7.35

Question 7

Which of the following buffer systems acts as the primary buffer against non-carbonic-acid changes in the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phosphate buffer system 
B)  the protein buffer system 
C)  the hemoglobin buffer system 
D)  the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system 
E)  the monosodium buffer system

Question 8

In respiratory alkalosis, the major cellular buffering defense available is expiration of CO2by the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Changes in respiration result in rapid changes in CO2levels in infants due to their:

Accepted Answer

A)  underdeveloped kidneys 
B)  immature immune systems 
C)  small livers 
D)  small lung capacities 
E)  tiny mouths

Question 10

Nonvolatile or _______________ acids include those inorganic acids that are produced during the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nonvolatile or _______________ acids include those inorganic...

Question 11

_______________ present in the plasma can act as buffers; their contribution is most important intracellularly.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ present in the plasma can act...

Question 12

breathing difficulties. He is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, hypertension, gout, and coronary artery disease.   Height: 5&#0039;9&#0034;   Weight: 220 pounds   LABS:                                 Normal Values                            Arterial BGs:                          Normal values Na = 133 mEq/L                   (135&ndash;147) mEq/L                         pH = 7.9                              (7.35&ndash;7.45) Cl = 103 mEq/L                    (95&ndash;107) mEq/L                           pCO2 = 30 mmHg                (35&ndash;45) mmHg K = 4.1 mEq/L                      (3.5&ndash;5.2) mEq/L                           pO2 = 96 mmHg                   (70&ndash;100) mmHg Glucose = 207 mmol/L         (up to 140) mmol/L                      HCO3 = 26 mEq/L               (19&ndash;25) mEq/L BUN = 25 mmol/L                (7&ndash;20) mmol/L Creatinine = 1.5 mmol/L       (0.5&ndash;1.4) mmol/L Albumin 3.2 mmol/L             (3.2&ndash;5) mmol/L Cholesterol = 320 mmol/L     (< 200) mmol/L   Mr. X is likely to have 
-Which compensatory disorder could Mr. X develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  respiratory alkalosis 
D)  respiratory acidosis 
E)  physical acidosis

Question 13

Which body fluid is most likely to be buffered by the phosphate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood 
B)  saliva 
C)  extracellular fluid 
D)  urine 
E)  lymph

Question 14

What is the definition of metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  condition resulting from either retention of cations or loss of nonvolatile acid 
B)  condition resulting from either retention of bicarbonate or calcium 
C)  condition resulting from either retention of bicarbonate or loss of nonvolatile acids 
D)  a kidney disease resulting in hyperventilation 
E)  a liver disease resulting in reduced respiration

Question 15

The Henderson-Hasselbach equation has been used to explain the interrelationships between H2O, HCO3-, and pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

To maintain pH, a healthy, normal functioning kidney will reabsorb the majority of:

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ 
B)  H2O 
C)  nitrogen 
D)  phosphate 
E)  HCO3-

Question 17

_______________ acids are those that can be converted to a gaseous form and eliminated by the lungs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ acids are those that can be...

Question 18

Poisoning from the consumption of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) leads to:

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis 
B)  metabolic acidosis 
C)  respiratory alkalosis 
D)  respiratory acidosis 
E)  cancer

Question 19

_______________ are also produced as a result of starvation or fasting, fever, exercise, and some disease states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ are also produced as a result...

Question 20

Ammonia is best classified as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer 
B)  acid 
C)  base 
D)  electrolyte 
E)  hydrogen donator

Exam 8: Acid Base Balance

Carbonic acid is produced in the largest quantity and is the major source of hydrogen ions in the body.

Respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, result in the inability to maintain adequate oxygenation or release of _______________.

Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis may occur when a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receives _______________.

In terms of mixed acid-base disorders, which of the following is not possible?

Acidemia is the actual decrease in pH within the body to:

Which of the following buffer systems acts as the primary buffer against non-carbonic-acid changes in the extracellular fluid?

In respiratory alkalosis, the major cellular buffering defense available is expiration of CO₂by the lungs.

Changes in respiration result in rapid changes in CO₂levels in infants due to their:

Nonvolatile or _______________ acids include those inorganic acids that are produced during the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid.

_______________ present in the plasma can act as buffers; their contribution is most important intracellularly.

Which body fluid is most likely to be buffered by the phosphate buffer system?

What is the definition of metabolic alkalosis?

The Henderson-Hasselbach equation has been used to explain the interrelationships between H₂O, HCO₃^-, and pH.

To maintain pH, a healthy, normal functioning kidney will reabsorb the majority of:

_______________ acids are those that can be converted to a gaseous form and eliminated by the lungs.

Poisoning from the consumption of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) leads to:

_______________ are also produced as a result of starvation or fasting, fever, exercise, and some disease states.

Ammonia is best classified as a(n) ____.