Question 1

An example of a strategy used by dietitians to encourage patients on mechanically altered diets to eat is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   allow them to eat all desired foods
B)   prepare a person's favorite foods and foods with pleasant smells
C)   restrict all their favorite foods
D)   allow them to eat just one meal a day B

Question 2

Discuss the complications of dysphagia and explain how dietary interventions can help with dysphagia management.

Accepted Answer

Health practitioners should be alert to the various complications that may accompany dysphagia. If the condition restricts food consumption, weight loss and malnutrition may develop. Individuals who cannot swallow liquids are at increased risk of dehydration. If aspiration occurs, it may cause choking, airway obstruction, or respiratory infections, including pneumonia. If a person lacks a normal cough reflex, aspiration is more difficult to diagnose and may go unnoticed. To compensate for swallowing difficulties, a person with dysphagia may need to consume foods and beverages that have been physically modified so that they are easier to swallow. Because a wide variety of defects can cause dysphagia, finding the best diet is often a challenge. Furthermore, a person's swallowing ability can fluctuate over time, so the dietary plan needs frequent reassessment. The National Dysphagia Diet, developed in 2002 by a panel of dietitians, speech and language therapists, and a food scientist, has helped to standardize the nutrition care of dysphagia patients. After the appropriate dietary level is selected, the diet must be adjusted to suit the person's swallowing abilities and tolerances. In many cases, the most appropriate foods may be determined only by trial and error. A consultation with a swallowing expert, such as a speech and language therapist, is often necessary.

Question 3

Which beverage is recommended on a postgastrectomy diet?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water sweetened with Splenda
B)   100% juice
C)   regular cola
D)   milkshake A

Question 4

One of the primary goals of nutrition after gastrectomy is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   promote healing of stomach tissue
B)   prevent dehydration
C)   support nutrient excretion
D)   avoid peptic ulcer development

Question 5

An obese individual is considered to be a candidate for bariatric surgery if he or she has a body mass index (BMI) greater than ____, regardless of whether there are any secondary obesity-associated health problems.

Accepted Answer

A)   25
B)   30
C)   35
D)   40

Question 6

Which food might be included on a Level 1 National Dysphagia Diet menu?

Accepted Answer

A)   pureed meat
B)   peanut butter
C)   cottage cheese
D)   chunky applesauce

Question 7

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-Which beverage should Mr. Hammond consume while being treated for gastritis?

Accepted Answer

A)   coffee
B)   tea
C)   cola
D)   noncarbonated water

Question 8

Which of the following would most likely help to manage xerostomia?

Accepted Answer

A)   consuming foods with high fluid content, such as soup
B)   eating dry crackers to stimulate saliva
C)   avoiding wearing clothes that are too tight around the waist
D)   consuming coffee to stimulate saliva

Question 9

Long-term complications following bariatric surgery include ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   peptic ulcer disease
B)   pressure ulcers
C)   heart failure
D)   bone disease

Question 10

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-The doctor writes a prescription order for a(n) _______ supplement because of Mr. Hammond's blood loss.

Accepted Answer

A)   iron
B)   vitamin B  12 
C)   vitamin C
D)   folic acid

Question 11

What is a potential side effect associated with antacids?

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperglycemia
B)   decreased absorption of fat
C)   decreased iron absorption
D)   decreased absorption of vitamin B 6

Question 12

The backward flow of acidic contents from the stomach into the esophagus is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   an esophageal stricture
B)   heartburn
C)   reflux
D)   achalasia

Question 13

One of the most common complications from dysphagia is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   duodenal ulcers
B)   esophageal spasm
C)   aspiration
D)   gastroesophageal reflux

Question 14

The function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   direct food from the mouth to the esophagus
B)   protect the airway during swallowing
C)   prevent backflow from the esophagus
D)   prevent backflow of acidic contents from the stomach

Question 15

Which increases the risk of GERD by increasing pressure in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)   chocolate
B)   wearing tight clothing
C)   diazepam
D)   cigarette smoking

Question 16

As plaque invades the space below the gumline of the teeth, ____ can damage the tissues that hold the tooth in place.

Accepted Answer

A)   toxic bacterial by-products
B)   calculus
C)   caries
D)   salivary amylase

Question 17

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-Mr) Hammond is prescribed a 2-week regimen of antibiotics and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Based on this information, which is most likely to be the primary cause of his gastritis?

Accepted Answer

A)   intake of alcohol
B)   Helicobacter pylori
C)   radiation therapy
D)   bile reflux

Question 18

Short Case Study Questions  
James Hammond is a 37-year-old business executive. He travels worldwide and has a very stressful schedule. He has been having chronic pain in his stomach for a month. After a recent trip he visits his physician after 5 days of nausea, vomiting, and blood in his stool and is diagnosed with severe gastritis.
-Mr. Hammond is placed on ____ for 24 to 48 hours to rest the stomach.

Accepted Answer

A)   a mechanical soft diet
B)   a bland diet
C)   NPO (nothing by mouth) 
D)   enteral nutrition support

Question 19

Amy is recovering from gastric bypass surgery and needs to learn new dietary habits. What intervention can best help Amy to promote weight loss and healing after surgery?

Accepted Answer

A)   eating three regular meals a day
B)   snacking throughout the day to feel satisfied
C)   consuming fluids with meals and snacks
D)   chewing food thoroughly

Question 20

When evaluating dysphagia, peristalsis and sphincter pressure are measured by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   a manometer
B)   X-ray
C)   echocardiography
D)   fluoroscopy

Exam 23: Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders