Question 1

The prescription drug phentermine acts by regulating _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   blood insulin
B)   norepinephrine
C)   hormone-sensitive lipase
D)   adipocyte lipoprotein lipase
E)   leptin and insulin B

Question 2

A reputable weight-loss program will provide customers with honest predictions of success and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   with testimonials from previous, successful users
B)   with testimonials from medical professionals
C)   with statistics on weight cycling
D)   will list the psychological benefits of weight loss
E)   will explain the associated risks E

Question 3

Your best friend is overweight. She has begun adopting new eating patterns and now wants to add physical activity to her weight-management program. She asks you for recommendations as to what kind of physical activity is best. Based on what you know about physical activity and weight management, what advice do you give?

Accepted Answer

Clearly, physical activity is a plus in a weight-management program. What kind of physical activity is best? Any number of physical activity programs may be equally effective at reducing body weight and improving body composition when combined with a low-kcalorie eating pattern. People should choose activities that they enjoy and are willing to do regularly. What schedule of physical activity is best? It doesn't matter; a person can benefit from either several short bouts of exercise or one continuous workout. Any activity is better than being sedentary. For an active life, limit sedentary activities, engage in strength and flexibility activities, enjoy leisure activities often, engage in vigorous activities regularly, and be as active as possible every day. 
Health care professionals frequently advise people to engage in activities of low-to-moderate intensity for a long duration, such as an hour-long, fast-paced walk. The reasoning behind such advice is that walking offers the health benefits of aerobic physical activity with low risk of injury. It can be done almost anywhere at any time. A person who stays with an activity routine long enough to enjoy the rewards will be less inclined to give it up and will, over the long term, reap many health benefits. A regular walking program can prevent or slow the weight gain that commonly occurs in most adults. An average of 60 minutes a day of moderate-intensity activity or an expenditure of at least 2000 kcal per week is especially helpful for weight management. Higher levels of duration, frequency, or intensity produce greater losses. 
In addition to exercise, a person can incorporate hundreds of energy-expending activities into daily routines: take the stairs instead of the elevator, walk to the neighbor's apartment instead of making a phone call, and rake the leaves instead of using a blower. Remember that sitting uses more kcalories than lying down, standing uses more kcalories than sitting, and moving uses more kcalories than standing. A 175-pound person who replaces a 30-minute television program with a 2-mile walk a day can expend enough energy to lose (or at least not gain 18 pounds in a year. Even walking in place during the commercials of a one-hour program can increase activity time by 25 minutes, steps taken by 2100, and kcalories expended by 150. Meeting an activity goal of 10,000 steps a day is an excellent way to support a healthy BMI. The point is to be active. Walk. Run. Swim. Dance. Cycle. Climb. Skip. Do whatever you enjoy doing-and do it often.

Question 4

The uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase the amount of energy released as heat
B)   reduce the number of fat cells
C)   lower basal metabolism
D)   increase the number of fat cells
E)   increase the size of fat cells

Question 5

Which of the following removes triglycerides from the blood for storage in fat and muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glucagon
B)   Lipoprotein lipase
C)   Cellulite synthetase
D)   Lipoprotein synthetase
E)   Adipose lipase

Question 6

What perceptions and prejudices do overweight and obese people face?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What perceptions and prejudices do overweight and...

Question 7

Using large quantities of low-energy-density foods in a diet is sometimes referred to as "________."

Accepted Answer

A)   calometrics
B)   minimetrics
C)   densification
D)   volumetrics
E)   substitution

Question 8

Obesity has many causes and is a risk factor for many diseases; therefore, the best approach seems to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fasting
B)   medicines
C)   prevention
D)   epigenetic counseling
E)   a holistic one

Question 9

Which of the following statements accurately describes the use of prescription drugs to treat obesity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Drug therapies should be considered for both cosmetic and health reasons.
B)   Most experts believe obesity is not a disease, so drugs should not be prescribed.
C)   Most currently available drugs are proven effective in both the short and long term.
D)   Physicians may prescribe "off-label" drugs to take advantage of their modest weight-loss effects.
E)   Although initially effective, most drugs have eventually raised the risk of cardiovascular disease to unacceptable levels.

Question 10

Over the past five decades, what proportion of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?

Accepted Answer

A)   50%
B)   60%
C)   70%
D)   80%
E)   90%

Question 11

Which of the following statements accurately describes fat cell development?

Accepted Answer

A)   While fat cells grow and shrink in size, their number is fixed.
B)   An obese person has more and larger fat cells than does a healthy-weight person.
C)   The number of fat cells grows substantially during early adulthood, as energy expenditure begins to decline.
D)   Researchers have concluded there is no way to induce fat cell death.
E)   When energy out exceeds energy in, the number and size of fat cells decrease.

Question 12

Plant-based foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains and vegetarian eating patterns may help with weight management in addition to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   improving symptoms of IBS
B)   improving symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases
C)   improving leptin and ghrelin
D)   improving inflammation that accompanies obesity
E)   all of these are correct

Question 13

A condition in which leptin levels are increased and leptin sensitivity is decreased is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A condition in which leptin levels are...

Question 14

In general, weight-loss diets need to provide at least  of ________ kcalories per day for men.

Accepted Answer

A)   800
B)   1000
C)   1200
D)   1600
E)   2000

Question 15

Your patient, Mr. Sinclair, has a BMI of 43 and wants to begin taking drugs to lose weight. He has glaucoma, but is otherwise healthy. Which of the following should NOT be prescribed for Mr. Sinclair?

Accepted Answer

A)   olestra
B)   orlistat
C)   serotonin
D)   phentermine
E)   Belviq

Question 16

Health care professionals suggest setting SMART goals to change one's eating behaviors. What does SMART stand for?

Accepted Answer

A)   specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time-based
B)   specific, meaningful, analytic, relevant, technological
C)   sensitive, minimal, accessible, reliable, time-bound
D)   supportive, media-based, attainable, repeatable, tertiary
E)   supportive, minimal, analytic, reliable, technological

Question 17

What happens to leptin and ghrelin levels when someone is sleep-deprived?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both leptin and ghrelin increase.
B)   Both leptin and ghrelin decrease.
C)   Leptin decreases while ghrelin increases.
D)   Leptin increases while ghrelin decreases.
E)   No significant effects are observed.

Question 18

Which of the following is a protein produced by fat cells under the direction of the ob gene that decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

A)   leptin
B)   ghrelin
C)   elastin
D)   brite
E)   collagen

Question 19

Weight maintenance may require a person to expend a minimum of ________ kcalories in physical activity per week.

Accepted Answer

A)   500
B)   1250
C)   1500
D)   2500
E)   3500

Question 20

The prescription drug orlistat acts by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibiting pancreatic lipase
B)   regulating the utilization of norepinephrine
C)   increasing metabolism
D)   regulating brain serotonin receptors
E)   releasing ghrelin and leptin

Exam 9: Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight