Question 1

In her direct observations of her hospitalized mental patients, a psychologist records the frequency of each patient's aggression, self-care, speech, and unusual behaviors. This psychologist is using the technique known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In her direct observations of her hospitalized...

Question 2

According to Allport, some traits are so basic that all of a person's activities can be traced to the existence of these traits. Allport calls such traits __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  common 
B)  cardinal 
C)  central 
D)  source

Question 3

According to Rogers, we allow experiences that match our self-image into awareness, where they gradually change the self.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The energies of which of the following are aimed at discharging tensions related to sex and aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  id 
B)  superego 
C)  ego 
D)  real self

Question 5

Since the ability to control your own life is the essence of what it means to be human, Albert Bandura believes that one of the most important expectancies we develop concerns our capacity for producing a desired result. Bandura called this concept

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reinforcement. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  congruence. 
D)  organismic valuing.

Question 6

When people are asked to describe a person they know very well, they usually identify six to seven core traits that characterize this person's personality. According to Allport, these core traits would be the person's __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  source 
B)  surface 
C)  cardinal 
D)  central

Question 7

According to Seligman and Peterson, the human strength of "justice" is expressed by the positive traits of

Accepted Answer

A)  love, kindness, and social intelligence. 
B)  persistence, integrity, and vitality. 
C)  fairness, leadership, and citizenship. 
D)  forgiveness, humility, prudence, and self-control.

Question 8

According to studies of the influence of heredity and environment on personality traits, heredity appears to be responsible for less than ten percent of the variation in most personality traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is the term for the favored pattern of behavior expected of each sex within a culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  gender identity. 
B)  sexual identity. 
C)  gender role. 
D)  biological sex.

Question 10

Regarding a study using behavioral assessments, it was found that couples with sexual difficulties were more likely to do which of the following than couples with no sexual difficulties?

Accepted Answer

A)  be receptive to talking about their sexuality 
B)  blame themselves 
C)  blame each other 
D)  do all of these behaviors

Question 11

People who have personality traits that increase their chance of suffering a heart attack are considered __________ personalities.

Accepted Answer

A)  extroverted 
B)  introverted 
C)  Type A 
D)  Type B

Question 12

The psychological situation, expectancy, and reinforcement value are important concepts in the theory proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Julian Rotter. 
B)  Carl Rogers. 
C)  Alfred Adler. 
D)  Erich Fromm.

Question 13

What observation method exposes people to frustrations, temptations, pressure, and boredom in a controlled environment, and is used for firearms training in police departments?

Accepted Answer

A)  projective test 
B)  behavioral assessment 
C)  MMPI-2 
D)  situational test

Question 14

Traits theorists believe that traits provide a hereditary readiness to behave in particular ways, or a biological __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traits theorists believe that traits provide a...

Question 15

According to Gordon Allport, personality traits that are shared by most members of a particular culture are called __________ traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Gordon Allport, personality traits that...

Question 16

Temperament refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  charisma or character. 
B)  unique and enduring behavior patterns. 
C)  learned traits of emotional response. 
D)  hereditary emotional traits.

Question 17

The paranoid personality, the dependent personality, and the antisocial personality are examples of __________ personality types.

Accepted Answer

A)  introverted 
B)  extroverted 
C)  unhealthy 
D)  Type A

Question 18

Researchers have found that students are more likely to prefer to meet and talk to people through the Internet than face-to-face if they are high in the trait of

Accepted Answer

A)  introversion. 
B)  extroversion. 
C)  melancholia. 
D)  intellectual curiosity.

Question 19

According to Rogers, the total subjective perception of one's body and personality is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Rogers, the total subjective perception...

Question 20

Which of the following aspects of Freud's theory have been challenged by new research?

Accepted Answer

A)  His idea of unconscious processes and the role they play in shaping human behavior. 
B)  His proposition that development proceeds through a series of stages. 
C)  His idea that the first years of life help shape adult personality. 
D)  His portrayal of the elementary school years (latency period) as free from sexuality and unimportant for personality development.

Exam 11: Personality