Question 1

According to Dollard and Miller, habits are

Accepted Answer

A)  very stable types of secondary traits. 
B)  biological predispositions. 
C)  deeply ingrained, learned patterns of behavior. 
D)  unconscious, instinctual drives.

Question 2

Regarding his college work, Toby tends to be disorganized, is frequently late to class, and often fails to turn in his assignments; thus, would most likely score low on the Big Five trait of conscientiousness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Differentiate between the terms self-concept and self-esteem, and describe how they are related, and then explain the differences in the basis of self-esteem in Eastern and Western cultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differentiate between the terms self-concept and self-esteem,...

Question 4

Higher rates of self-reinforcement are associated with more depression and a lessening of life satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by social reinforcement, according to which view of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanist 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  psychoanalytic 
D)  trait theorist

Question 6

In a study that compared twins to unrelated pairs of students, who were the same age and sex, the unrelated pairs of students were

Accepted Answer

A)  almost as alike as the twins. 
B)  much less alike than the twins. 
C)  more alike than the twins. 
D)  more motivated to find similarities than the twins were.

Question 7

The study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of inherited behavioral traits and...

Question 8

With respect to Gordon Allport's theory, which type of trait does NOT belong with the other three?

Accepted Answer

A)  source 
B)  cardinal 
C)  central 
D)  secondary

Question 9

In the Minnesota study on reunited twins, many of the twins had similarities in political beliefs, job histories, hobbies, and favorite foods. Explain whether heredity or environment account for these similarities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Minnesota study on reunited twins,...

Question 10

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  From birth onward, children are labeled as boys or girls and encouraged to learn appropriate gender roles. 
B)  Imitation refers to the child's emotional attachment to admired adults. 
C)  Many "male" or "female" traits come from children's attempts to imitate a same-sex parent with whom they identify. 
D)  The learning of sex-appropriate behaviors takes place vicariously as well as directly.

Question 11

In planning to get your nursing degree, if you truly believe that you will be able to make the sacrifices and study the long hours, then Albert Bandura would say that you have a high degree of self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to Miller and Dollard, permissiveness for sexual and aggressive behavior in childhood is linked to adult needs for power.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

You are planning to get your doctorate in psychology. Do you believe you will be able to make the sacrifices, study long hours, conduct research, and write a dissertation? If you do, then Bandura would say that you have a high degree of

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological drive. 
B)  reinforcement value. 
C)  self-efficacy. 
D)  behavioral competence.

Question 14

Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at the oral, anal, and phallic stages; and what situations cause them to develop, according to Freud.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at...

Question 15

A collection of assessment devices and interviews used to depict a client's personality are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  projective testing. 
B)  a behavioral assessment. 
C)  a test battery. 
D)  a diagnostic profile.

Question 16

The validity and reliability of projective tests, such as the TAT and the Rorschach, is higher than that of objective tests, such as the MMPI-2.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Dan is quieter than average in class. According to trait-situation interaction, what would Dan's behavior be like at a basketball game?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dan will be as quiet at the basketball game as he is in class. 
B)  Dan will be louder than average at the basketball game. 
C)  Dan will be quieter than average at the basketball game, but louder than he is in class. 
D)  Dan will be louder in class after the basketball game.

Question 18

Researchers have found that people tend to be socially poised, confident, and resourceful when there is a close match between their

Accepted Answer

A)  self-image and ideal self. 
B)  id and ego. 
C)  ego ideal and conscience. 
D)  psychosexual stages and psychosocial stages.

Question 19

Which of the following involves direct questioning to learn about a person's life history, personality traits, or current mental state?

Accepted Answer

A)  situational test 
B)  interview 
C)  behavioral assessment 
D)  personality questionnaire assessment

Question 20

What do psychologists mean by the term "trait-situation interaction"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Situations change traits. 
B)  Situations create new traits. 
C)  Traits dominate situations. 
D)  Situations affect how traits are exhibited.

Exam 11: Personality

According to Dollard and Miller, habits are

Regarding his college work, Toby tends to be disorganized, is frequently late to class, and often fails to turn in his assignments; thus, would most likely score low on the Big Five trait of conscientiousness.

Differentiate between the terms self-concept and self-esteem, and describe how they are related, and then explain the differences in the basis of self-esteem in Eastern and Western cultures.

Higher rates of self-reinforcement are associated with more depression and a lessening of life satisfaction.

The core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by social reinforcement, according to which view of development?

In a study that compared twins to unrelated pairs of students, who were the same age and sex, the unrelated pairs of students were

The study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies is called __________.

With respect to Gordon Allport's theory, which type of trait does NOT belong with the other three?

In the Minnesota study on reunited twins, many of the twins had similarities in political beliefs, job histories, hobbies, and favorite foods. Explain whether heredity or environment account for these similarities.

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In planning to get your nursing degree, if you truly believe that you will be able to make the sacrifices and study the long hours, then Albert Bandura would say that you have a high degree of self-efficacy.

According to Miller and Dollard, permissiveness for sexual and aggressive behavior in childhood is linked to adult needs for power.

You are planning to get your doctorate in psychology. Do you believe you will be able to make the sacrifices, study long hours, conduct research, and write a dissertation? If you do, then Bandura would say that you have a high degree of

Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at the oral, anal, and phallic stages; and what situations cause them to develop, according to Freud.

A collection of assessment devices and interviews used to depict a client's personality are referred to as

The validity and reliability of projective tests, such as the TAT and the Rorschach, is higher than that of objective tests, such as the MMPI-2.

Dan is quieter than average in class. According to trait-situation interaction, what would Dan's behavior be like at a basketball game?

Researchers have found that people tend to be socially poised, confident, and resourceful when there is a close match between their

Which of the following involves direct questioning to learn about a person's life history, personality traits, or current mental state?

What do psychologists mean by the term "trait-situation interaction"?