Question 1

Evaluate Sullivan's theory in terms of its function as philosophy,science,and art.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

What did Adler originally mean by his concept of the "masculine protest"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The compensation for one's inferiority 
B)  The anger that some men feel for feminists 
C)  The masculine attitudes adopted by some women 
D)  The growth of androgyny in society

Question 3

This is Jason's first time performing in a comedy club.He is ignoring his extreme nervousness and acting cocky and arrogant instead.After a short while,he actually starts to feel confident.According to Sullivan's theories,Jason is experiencing the positive effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  acting "as if." 
B)  parataxic distortion. 
C)  personification. 
D)  selective inattention.

Question 4

How does Sullivan define personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  As a dynamic organization within an individual that determines characteristic behavior and thought 
B)  As an organized, consistent pattern of perception 
C)  As largely unconscious, hidden, and unknown 
D)  As the manner in which an individual relates to others

Question 5

The Freudian term that is the equivalent of Sullivan's parataxic distortion is

Accepted Answer

A)  catharsis. 
B)  displacement. 
C)  resistance. 
D)  transference.

Question 6

In your opinion,to what extent do parataxic distortions (as described by Sullivan) influence romantic relationships? What effect would you expect these parataxic distortions to have on romantic relationships?

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Question 7

Freud is to defense mechanisms as Sullivan is to

Accepted Answer

A)  constructive reveries. 
B)  dynamisms. 
C)  personifications. 
D)  security operations.

Question 8

Dr.Foster is a practicing psychotherapist whose approach to clients emphasizes the fact that as infants,all people are incapable of fulfilling their most basic needs and therefore,must depend on others to survive.Dr.Foster believes that many problems in later childhood and adulthood relate to attempts by the individual to compensate for feelings during this period.Dr.Foster is best described as a(n) _____________ psychotherapist.

Accepted Answer

A)  Buddhist 
B)  humanistic 
C)  Adlerian 
D)  cognitive-behavioral

Question 9

What is the difference between an intrapsychic and an interpsychic emphasis in theories of personality?

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Question 10

In Adler's theory,the goals of the individual are established,maintained,and pursued by the

Accepted Answer

A)  creative self. 
B)  unconscious. 
C)  ego. 
D)  superego.

Question 11

When Tim moved to a new town,he experienced a desire to find others with whom he shared common interests and could join in with as friends.Adler would label Tim's desire as

Accepted Answer

A)  fictional finalism. 
B)  anxiety. 
C)  style of life. 
D)  social interest.

Question 12

Define and give examples of dynamisms and personifications.

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Question 13

The not-me self entails

Accepted Answer

A)  dreadful aspects of the self that have been repressed from conscious awareness. 
B)  experiences that are avoided because they produced anxiety in the past. 
C)  idealized characteristics that a person strives to achieve. 
D)  those experiences that a person expects to undergo sometime in the future.

Question 14

According to Adler,social interest is expressed

Accepted Answer

A)  only in a constructive fashion. 
B)  automatically. 
C)  only if it is nurtured. 
D)  on a subconscious level.

Question 15

Dr.Rodriguez is an Adlerian psychotherapist.Dr.Rodriguez is most likely to hold which of the following beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most forms of psychopathology stem from discrepancies between the shadow and the persona. 
B)  Feelings of inferiority stemming from childhood are a primary factor in human behavior. 
C)  Conditional positive regard leads to most forms of psychopathology. 
D)  An underdeveloped superego leads to most forms of psychopathology.

Question 16

Which of the following demonstrates a parataxic experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because he made money on the day that he wore his blue jacket, Julian comes to believe that the jacket has magical powers. 
B)  Ever since his reckless driving almost caused him to run over a child who darted into the street, Raymond has been driving more slowly and carefully. 
C)  No matter what language the word stop was written in, Graham knows to stop the car when he encountered a red octagonal sign on his trip. 
D)  Unlike her older sister, baby Zoe does not cry when her mother leaves the room, because Zoe has not yet learned that her mother is a person with her own separate identity.

Question 17

In Sullivan's theory,the pattern of energy transformation that characterizes interpersonal relationships is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  dynamism. 
B)  personification. 
C)  prototaxic experience. 
D)  security operation.

Question 18

Which of the following illustrates overcompensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A girl who is too shy to act in the school play volunteers to work on set design. 
B)  A young man who is unusually short learns to accept his height. 
C)  A child with a reading disability is brought up to grade level by an inspiring, hard-working teacher. 
D)  A college student of low intelligence pretends not to know his limited ability and registers for the most challenging courses he can find.

Question 19

The prototaxic experience is the characteristic cognitive mode in which of Sullivan's stages of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infancy 
B)  Childhood 
C)  Juvenile era 
D)  Preadolescence

Question 20

Explain what Adler meant by social interest and finalism.Give examples of fictional finalisms.

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Exam 4: Inter-psychic Theories Alfred Adler, Harry Stack Sullivan