Question 1

Shaniqua plans to use a self-report measure in which people indicate their agreement or disagreement with a list of statements using a multiple-point scale. She must, therefore, use the

Accepted Answer

A)  Likert scale. 
B)  self-validation hypothesis. 
C)  dual-process model of persuasion. 
D)  sleeper effect.

Question 2

Which of the following is an important conclusion based on research on the link between people's attitudes and behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our evaluations of an object do not always determine our actions because other factors must be taken into account. 
B)  Our evaluations of an object always determine our actions even when other factors must be taken into account. 
C)  When attitudes are strong and specific to a behavior, at least in non-Western cultures, the effects are beyond dispute. 
D)  When attitudes are weak and peripheral to a behavior, at least in Western cultures, the effects are beyond dispute.

Question 3

While watching the presidential debate on television, Matilda critically evaluated the arguments made by each candidate and was persuaded to support the candidate who in her view seemed to present well-balanced, intelligent arguments. Thus, Matilda exhibited

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological reactance. 
B)  central route persuasion. 
C)  impression management. 
D)  attitude-discrepant behavior.

Question 4

Dr. Flintstone, president of Quarry College, needs to convince students that the college must double its tuition beginning in five years. He is hiring someone to promote this idea, as well as developing supportive arguments. Would he need to adopt a different strategy if he instead wanted to implement the change in the next academic year?

Accepted Answer

A)  No. He should do the same thing either way. 
B)  Yes. If the change is to happen next year, the strength of the arguments will matter more than whom he hires to promote the idea. 
C)  Yes. If the change is to happen next year, the person he hires will matter more than the strength of the arguments. 
D)  Yes. If the change is to happen next year, obtaining a credible promoter and generating strong arguments will both be more crucial than if the change will happen in five years.

Question 5

If you want to convince a friend to abandon an attitude and start thinking more like you, what would be the best approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide information that will use fear to manipulate your friend into changing his attitude. 
B)  Use a subtle form of criticism so that you friend feels bad about himself for holding his current attitude. 
C)  Be cautious in your approach and do not promote an idea that is too different than your friend's current attitude. 
D)  Present a strong argument that is diametrically opposed to what your friend currently believes.

Question 6

Which of the following strategies for resisting persuasion is exemplified by the statement, "I doubt that anyone could change my viewpoint"?

Accepted Answer

A)  An assertion of confidence 
B)  Counter arguing 
C)  Attitude bolstering 
D)  Source derogation

Question 7

Identify and explain the process whereby the source of a message gradually loses its impact over time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and explain the process whereby the...

Question 8

The idea that we infer our own attitudes by coolly observing ourselves and the circumstances of our behavior is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  planned behavior theory. 
B)  self-perception theory. 
C)  cognitive dissonance theory. 
D)  elaboration-likelihood theory.

Question 9

Which of the following indicators is not used to distinguish weak attitudes from strong ones?

Accepted Answer

A)  How much the attitudes affect one's self-interests 
B)  The attitude's relationship to deeply held philosophical, political, and religious values 
C)  The amount of perceived behavioral control 
D)  How much the attitude impacted family, friends, and social intergroups

Question 10

The central route to persuasion requires

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence and strong arguments. 
B)  involvement and an expert source. 
C)  ability and motivation. 
D)  knowledge of the issue and a credible source.

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the four steps in the dissonance process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elaboration 
B)  Physiological arousal 
C)  Negative consequences 
D)  Attribution

Question 12

In terms of positive versus negative emotions, the feeling of ambivalence can be described as a manifestation of an attitude that is

Accepted Answer

A)  dual. 
B)  indifferent. 
C)  positive. 
D)  negative.

Question 13

In trying to assess attitudes about particular subjects, public opinion pollsters have become aware that attitude responses seem to be affected by all of the following factors except the

Accepted Answer

A)  context in which the question appears. 
B)  wording of the question. 
C)  order of the questions. 
D)  length of the questionnaire.

Question 14

Stephen Kraus's (1995) meta-analysis on the relationship between attitudes and behaviors showed that attitudes

Accepted Answer

A)  are only tenuously linked to behavior. 
B)  significantly and substantially predict future behavior. 
C)  significantly predict future behavior, but it is a relatively small effect size. 
D)  invariably predict future behavior.

Question 15

Louie runs a clinic that helps individuals to quit smoking, and he would like to use fear to motivate his clients. Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  First scare clients by showing them gory lung-cancer operations. Then outline the specific steps they could follow to stop smoking. 
B)  First scare clients by showing them gory lung-cancer operations. Then allow them to come up with their own ways of quitting smoking so that they are more committed. 
C)  Present statistics concerning the health hazards of smoking. Then allow the clients to come up with their own ways of quitting smoking so that they are more committed. 
D)  Present statistics concerning the health hazards of smoking, but no frightening images. Then outline the specific steps they could follow to stop smoking.

Question 16

In their 1993 study, Cacioppo and others presented participants with a list of category words that depicted objects they liked and disliked. The result: Brain-wave patterns that are normally triggered by inconsistency increased more when a

Accepted Answer

A)  disliked stimulus appeared after a string of neutral items. 
B)  liked stimulus was shown after a string of negative items. 
C)  disliked stimulus appeared after a string of negative items. 
D)  liked stimulus was shown after a string of positive items.

Question 17

Describe the phenomenon of insufficient justification, and explain its relationship to cognitive dissonance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the phenomenon of insufficient justification, and...

Question 18

According to research by Tormala and Petty (2002), an attitude can be ____ by a persuasive message or argument ____ it.

Accepted Answer

A)  weakened; for 
B)  strengthened; against 
C)  weakened; against 
D)  strengthened; for

Question 19

An implicit attitude measure would be particularly more predictive than an explicit attitude measure in assessing an attitude toward

Accepted Answer

A)  wearing a seat belt. 
B)  owning a pet. 
C)  church attendance. 
D)  committing suicide.

Question 20

One potential problem with self-report measures is that respondents

Accepted Answer

A)  typically dislike them. 
B)  react with a negative attitude change. 
C)  might not respond truthfully. 
D)  express views whose validity cannot be assessed.

Exam 6: Attitudes

Shaniqua plans to use a self-report measure in which people indicate their agreement or disagreement with a list of statements using a multiple-point scale. She must, therefore, use the

Which of the following is an important conclusion based on research on the link between people's attitudes and behavior?

While watching the presidential debate on television, Matilda critically evaluated the arguments made by each candidate and was persuaded to support the candidate who in her view seemed to present well-balanced, intelligent arguments. Thus, Matilda exhibited

If you want to convince a friend to abandon an attitude and start thinking more like you, what would be the best approach?

Which of the following strategies for resisting persuasion is exemplified by the statement, "I doubt that anyone could change my viewpoint"?

Identify and explain the process whereby the source of a message gradually loses its impact over time.

The idea that we infer our own attitudes by coolly observing ourselves and the circumstances of our behavior is most consistent with

Which of the following indicators is not used to distinguish weak attitudes from strong ones?

The central route to persuasion requires

Which of the following is not one of the four steps in the dissonance process?

In terms of positive versus negative emotions, the feeling of ambivalence can be described as a manifestation of an attitude that is

In trying to assess attitudes about particular subjects, public opinion pollsters have become aware that attitude responses seem to be affected by all of the following factors except the

Stephen Kraus's (1995) meta-analysis on the relationship between attitudes and behaviors showed that attitudes

Louie runs a clinic that helps individuals to quit smoking, and he would like to use fear to motivate his clients. Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

In their 1993 study, Cacioppo and others presented participants with a list of category words that depicted objects they liked and disliked. The result: Brain-wave patterns that are normally triggered by inconsistency increased more when a

Describe the phenomenon of insufficient justification, and explain its relationship to cognitive dissonance.

According to research by Tormala and Petty (2002) , an attitude can be by a persuasive message or argument it.

An implicit attitude measure would be particularly more predictive than an explicit attitude measure in assessing an attitude toward

One potential problem with self-report measures is that respondents

Exam 6: Attitudes

Shaniqua plans to use a self-report measure in which people indicate their agreement or disagreement with a list of statements using a multiple-point scale. She must, therefore, use the

Which of the following is an important conclusion based on research on the link between people's attitudes and behavior?

While watching the presidential debate on television, Matilda critically evaluated the arguments made by each candidate and was persuaded to support the candidate who in her view seemed to present well-balanced, intelligent arguments. Thus, Matilda exhibited

If you want to convince a friend to abandon an attitude and start thinking more like you, what would be the best approach?

Which of the following strategies for resisting persuasion is exemplified by the statement, "I doubt that anyone could change my viewpoint"?

Identify and explain the process whereby the source of a message gradually loses its impact over time.

The idea that we infer our own attitudes by coolly observing ourselves and the circumstances of our behavior is most consistent with

Which of the following indicators is not used to distinguish weak attitudes from strong ones?

The central route to persuasion requires

Which of the following is not one of the four steps in the dissonance process?

In terms of positive versus negative emotions, the feeling of ambivalence can be described as a manifestation of an attitude that is

In trying to assess attitudes about particular subjects, public opinion pollsters have become aware that attitude responses seem to be affected by all of the following factors except the

Stephen Kraus's (1995) meta-analysis on the relationship between attitudes and behaviors showed that attitudes

Louie runs a clinic that helps individuals to quit smoking, and he would like to use fear to motivate his clients. Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

In their 1993 study, Cacioppo and others presented participants with a list of category words that depicted objects they liked and disliked. The result: Brain-wave patterns that are normally triggered by inconsistency increased more when a

Describe the phenomenon of insufficient justification, and explain its relationship to cognitive dissonance.

According to research by Tormala and Petty (2002) , an attitude can be ____ by a persuasive message or argument ____ it.

An implicit attitude measure would be particularly more predictive than an explicit attitude measure in assessing an attitude toward

One potential problem with self-report measures is that respondents

According to research by Tormala and Petty (2002) , an attitude can be by a persuasive message or argument it.