Question 1

People who have experienced distressing or traumatic events

Accepted Answer

A)   derive more satisfaction from helping strangers than from helping close others.
B)   show mental and physical health benefits from helping others.
C)   more carefully weigh the potential costs of helping.
D)   are paradoxically less likely to help others if they themselves were helped. B

Question 2

People in exchange relationships are more likely than those in communal relationships to

Accepted Answer

A)   exhibit pure altruism toward one another.
B)   get angry at violations of the reciprocity norm.
C)   feel good about helping one another.
D)   demonstrate helping behavior in an effort to alleviate negative mood. B

Question 3

When Christine sees how upset Jim is about his father's death, she, too, becomes upset. As a result, she goes out of her way to console Jim. Christine's actions are consistent with the

Accepted Answer

A)   empathy-altruism hypothesis.
B)   mood maintenance model.
C)   norm of reciprocity.
D)   threat to self-esteem model. A

Question 4

Describe how the presence of bystanders affects helping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the presence of bystanders affects...

Question 5

Ryo Oda and others (2014) found that ____________ was associated with altruism toward family members.

Accepted Answer

A)   agreeableness
B)   openness
C)   conscientiousness
D)   moral reasoning

Question 6

People are less likely to notice an emergency if they

Accepted Answer

A)   display empathic concern for others.
B)   are aware of their surroundings.
C)   are in a good mood.
D)   are under time pressure.

Question 7

Discuss how identity fusion is related to the likelihood that one will provide help to others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how identity fusion is related to...

Question 8

Which situational change would not have made it more likely that someone would've acted to help Kitty Genovese during her attack?

Accepted Answer

A)   If some of her neighbors had been police officers
B)   If there had been 76 witnesses instead of 38
C)   If some of her neighbors had known her before the attack occurred
D)   If some of the witnesses had just heard a lecture on the situational influences on helping behavior

Question 9

Research suggests that the bystander effect

Accepted Answer

A)   has become much less pronounced in our modern, technology-driven era.
B)   is more common among women than men.
C)   happens more often among friends than among strangers.
D)   does occur with online and virtual groups as well as in-person groups.

Question 10

People who seem particularly nice, sociable, or happy are termed as having

Accepted Answer

A)   physical attractiveness.
B)   aesthetic attractiveness.
C)   sexual attractiveness.
D)   interpersonal attractiveness.

Question 11

Researchers observed that people may be more likely to remain longer as active volunteers if their initial motivation was more ___.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-oriented
B)   ambivalent
C)   other-oriented
D)   Selfless

Question 12

During a study in Liberia, only 7% of the population reported making a charitable donation but 76% of Liberian respondents reported helping a stranger within a month. This points out that

Accepted Answer

A)   prosocial behavior takes different forms across cultures.
B)   it is one of the poorest countries in the world.
C)   the greater the population size, the more likely people donate.
D)   the relationship between time pressure and helping is inconsistent.

Question 13

What is not an explanation for why helping models increase prosocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   They provide an example of behaviors that others can imitate.
B)   They demonstrate that helping others is rewarding.
C)   They make the social norms that govern helping salient.
D)   They make perspective taking more likely to occur.

Question 14

Some research has found that bats shared food with both kin and nonkin under safe conditions. When the conditions seemed dangerous, the bats shared a much greater proportion of food with close relatives. This finding is consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)   kin selection.
B)   the bystander effect.
C)   pluralistic ignorance.
D)   the negative-state relief model.

Question 15

What explanation does research give for the finding that volunteers with egoistic motives tend to remain active volunteers longer than those with more altruistic motives?

Accepted Answer

A)   Altruistic motives do not stand up against the personal costs of helping for long.
B)   Altruistic motives are not genuinely felt.
C)   Altruistic motives create more personal cost for the volunteer.
D)   Altruistic motives help one manage the personal costs of helping.

Question 16

Benny has a heart attack while riding a crowded city bus and nobody on the bus attempts to help him. This exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A)   the bystander effect.
B)   the good mood effect.
C)   moral hypocrisy.
D)   the norm of social responsibility.

Question 17

The principle of kin selection is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A)   although it is sometimes beneficial to help our kin, we must focus primarily on helping ourselves if we are to survive danger.
B)   it is the survival of genes that matters most from an evolutionary perspective.
C)   we will help those who are likely to reciprocate that help regardless of whether or not they are genetically related to us.
D)   those who have the greatest reproductive fitness share more genes with their kin.

Question 18

Research by Omoto and Snyder (1995) found that volunteers who decided to help AIDS victims had ____ service if their initial motives were ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   longer; self-oriented
B)   longer; other-oriented
C)   shorter; religious
D)   shorter; egoistic

Question 19

The negative state relief model of helping behavior

Accepted Answer

A)   supports the existence of altruism in the real world.
B)   applies more to emergencies than to nonemergency situations.
C)   identifies yet another way in which helping can be egoistic.
D)   is based on the ego defense mechanism of reaction formation.

Question 20

Research on culture and helping indicates that collectivist cultures are more likely to help their ____ and less likely to help their ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   ingroup; outgroup
B)   outgroup; ingroup
C)   children; parents
D)   parents; children

Exam 10: Helping Others