Question 1

Minimal groups are groups

Accepted Answer

A)  consisting of only two people. 
B)  that occupy low-status positions in society. 
C)  based on trivial distinctions of minor importance. 
D)  with a long history of competition and antagonism.

Question 2

Zoe just learned that she did not get into the college of her choice. She comes upon Alec, a resident of a nearby neighborhood and one that most outsiders find distasteful. It is likely that the news Zoe just received will cause her to judge Alec more ____, making her feel ____ about herself.

Accepted Answer

A)  positively; worse 
B)  negatively; worse 
C)  positively; better 
D)  negatively; better

Question 3

Negative feelings directed at others strictly because of their membership in a certain group is called

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination. 
B)  prejudice. 
C)  stereotyping. 
D)  the ingroup homogeneity effect.

Question 4

Although he does not intend to behave in a racist manner, Mark says to his Korean-American classmate during a study session, "You speak such good English." This seeming compliment best illustrates the idea of

Accepted Answer

A)  microaggression. 
B)  stigmatization. 
C)  social dominance. 
D)  explicit discrimination.

Question 5

The tendency to interpret, seek, and create information that is consistent with pre-existing expectations is called the ____ bias.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit stereotype 
B)  representativeness 
C)  self-serving 
D)  confirmation

Question 6

According to research by Cascio & Plant (2015) and Merritt et al. (2010), what do people often do to establish their moral credentials of not being racist?

Accepted Answer

A)  They list down the celebrities they know from the racial group in question. 
B)  They try to denounce their own race and praise the racial group in question. 
C)  They take part in rallies and political gatherings of the racial group in question. 
D)  They demonstrate that they have good friends from the racial group in question.

Question 7

The idea that, under certain conditions, direct engagement between hostile groups can reduce prejudice is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  the theory of minimal groups. 
B)  contrast effects. 
C)  illusory correlation. 
D)  the contact hypothesis.

Question 8

According to research by Dunham, Qian, and Sacco, which of the following statements is true of explicit racial bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is very difficult to see. 
B)  It remains stable across ages. 
C)  It tends to reduce with age. 
D)  It tends to increase with age.

Question 9

Prejudice and discrimination based on a person's racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one racial group over another, are most accurately termed

Accepted Answer

A)  racism. 
B)  orientation 
C)  social justification. 
D)  ambivalent sexism.

Question 10

Pluck's (2009) field experiment in Rwanda in which civilians listened to a radio soap opera demonstrates the

Accepted Answer

A)  intractability of many intergroup conflicts. 
B)  cross-cultural differences in how prejudice manifests itself. 
C)  potential influence of media on shaping norms related to intergroup relations. 
D)  automaticity of many stereotypical beliefs.

Question 11

Michigan and Ohio State are rival universities. Students at the two schools tend to only interact when the athletic teams they play for compete against each other. Sheriff's Robbers Cave experiment suggests that the students will

Accepted Answer

A)  limit their competition to the playing field and behave cooperatively off the field. 
B)  only change their negative stereotypes once they have interacted on the playing field. 
C)  develop friendships only with members of the same race on the other team. 
D)  develop negative views of one another and behave in a hostile manner.

Question 12

Not wanting to appear prejudiced to others is a(n) ____ motivation to control prejudiced responses and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  externally driven 
B)  internally driven 
C)  relative 
D)  modern

Question 13

Shortly after 9/11/01, even though a bitterly contested election had recently occurred, many Americans put aside their political differences in reaction to the national tragedy that occurred that day, viewing "American" as their primary identity rather than Republican or Democrat. This change is consistent with what the ____ proposes is necessary to reduce prejudice.

Accepted Answer

A)  common ingroup identity model 
B)  social identity theory 
C)  social categorization model 
D)  realistic conflict theory

Question 14

Bonnie feels very negatively toward lawyers. Whenever she meets a person who is a lawyer, she immediately feels a strong dislike for them the moment she finds out what they do for a living. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  prejudice. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  social categorization. 
D)  stereotyping.

Question 15

Research findings regarding dehumanization indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  people tend to process outgroup faces in a manner similar to their processing of nonhuman objects. 
B)  dehumanization of outgroups is typically associated with reactions of greater empathy. 
C)  only members of the racial majority tend to be aware of cultural associations between racial minority group members and particular animal characteristics. 
D)  it has occurred in every culture in every time era in recorded history.

Question 16

Which of the following factors does not contribute to the outgroup homogeneity effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ingroup members have little information concerning outgroup members. 
B)  Ingroup members are unlikely to have frequent contact with outgroup members. 
C)  Ingroup members accurately perceive the lack of diversity within the outgroup. 
D)  Ingroup members interact with a nonrepresentative sample of outgroup members.

Question 17

Gender stereotypes are prescriptive. This means that gender stereotypes

Accepted Answer

A)  identify what men and women should be like. 
B)  do not persist in modern societies in any form. 
C)  are more accurate than other kinds of stereotypes. 
D)  are less influenced by cultural standards than other stereotypes.

Question 18

Which of the following factors increases the probability of automatic activation of stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exposure to neutral information about a group or target 
B)  A personal motivation to avoid prejudice 
C)  A low prevalence of the stereotype in the culture 
D)  Subliminal exposure to prejudicial messages

Exam 5: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination