Question 1

In terms of how it is experienced, cognitive dissonance most closely resembles ____.

Accepted Answer

A) an emotion or feeling of arousal 
B) a gap in memory 
C) an eerie feeling akin to déjà vu, clairvoyance, or communicating with ghosts 
D) intense cognitive focus (i.e., being "in the zone")

Question 2

Deepa has finally decided where to attend graduate school-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. After she has informed all the schools of her final decision, she begins to question her choice. However, she immediately focuses on all the reasons Illinois was the best choice for her and better than her other options by far. This reassures her and makes her happy again. Deepa's feeling of uncertainty and subsequent motivation to justify her choice is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) attributional regret 
B) post-decision dissonance 
C) tyranny of choice 
D) attitude accessibility

Question 3

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Explain the origins and essence of cognitive dissonance theory and give an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the origins and essence of cognitive...

Question 5

Which behavior best summarizes the text's conclusion about attitude-behavior consistency?

Accepted Answer

A) Attitudes predict behavior with near perfect accuracy. 
B) Attitudes are an abstract concept, with little to no predictive value. 
C) Attitudes are consistent with behavior in most situations. 
D) Attitude can predict behavior, just not with the simplicity or prevalence originally thought.

Question 6

In general, beliefs are used for ____.

Accepted Answer

A) choosing 
B) explaining 
C) identifying 
D) motivating

Question 7

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men who participated in Kavadi, a painful religious ritual requiring piercing the skin with needles, dragging a cart attached by hooks to the skin, and climbing a mountain barefoot, ____.

Accepted Answer

A) reduced their identification with the larger social group 
B) increased their prosocial behavior 
C) increased their outgroup bias 
D) made less effort when the group was larger

Question 8

Hazing rituals best fit the concept of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) effort justification 
B) cognitive dissonance 
C) social learning 
D) selective exposure

Question 9

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Evaluation of information occurs only via the automatic system. 
B) Evaluation of information occurs only via the conscious system. 
C) The process of taking in information and the process of evaluating whether information is correct or not are intertwined. 
D) The process of taking in information is separate from the process of evaluating information.

Question 10

Who has the MOST accessible attitude?

Accepted Answer

A) Zoe, who has to think for a while about whether she favors the death penalty or not 
B) Shawna, who doesn't care one way or the other about the death penalty 
C) Diti, who has very extreme views about abortion 
D) Lira, who can tell you right away her opinion on abortion

Question 11

In one well-known study that was conducted during an era of anti-Chinese prejudice (LaPiere, 1934), a researcher drove across the United States with a Chinese couple, stopping at dozens of restaurants, hotels, auto camps, and tourist homes. He was interested in attitude-behavior consistency. Specifically, he was interested in knowing the percentage of establishments that would serve the couple, as well as the percentage of establishments that would say that they would serve the couple when contacted later. What did he find?

Accepted Answer

A) Nearly 100% served them; and roughly 90% said they would. 
B) Nearly 100% served them; but only about 10% said they would. 
C) Only about 10% served them; but about 90% said they would. 
D) Only about 10% served them; but nearly 100% said they would.

Question 12

Chandler wants to give blood at the school blood drive, and he plans to try to do so. But he knows that he will probably be turned away because of a medicine he is on. Chandler has a positive attitude toward blood donation, but what element of the Theory of Planned Behavior inhibits his ability to behave consistently with his attitude?

Accepted Answer

A) Behavioral intention 
B) Subjective norms 
C) Perceived behavioral control 
D) Attitude accessibility

Question 13

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory could be most easily used to explain ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) why people stay in long-term relationships when they are dissatisfied 
B) why people live beyond their means and rack up credit card debt ​ 
C) why people engage in unprotected sex or drive after drinking alcohol ​ 
D) why people care so much about fitting in and gaining the approval of others ​

Question 14

Research indicates that men show less attitude-behavior consistency than women when it comes to sexuality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Suppose that Rachel sold one of her stocks last week and that the value of the stock has tripled since then. What a mistake! In which of the following cases is Rachel most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A) If she chose to sell the stock against her stockbroker's advice 
B) If she chose to sell the stock because her friend suggested it 
C) If she chose to sell the stock because her stockbroker suggested it 
D) If she was on vacation last week and it was her husband who decided to sell the stock for her

Question 16

Research suggests that the mere exposure effect ____.

Accepted Answer

A) is unique to humans (does not occur among other animals) 
B) occurs via the conscious system only 
C) is unique to humans (does not occur among other animals)and occurs via the conscious system only 
D) is not unique to humans and does not occur via the conscious system

Question 17

Research on embodied attitudes suggests that ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) randomly assigned body movements can shape attitudes toward what we hear 
B) attitudes are embodied in beliefs and emotions ​ 
C) body movement is unrelated to attitudes ​ 
D) leaning forward promotes negative attitudes ​

Question 18

On a questionnaire, June is asked if she plans to donate blood or not. The researcher is measuring June's ___.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral intention 
B) subjective norms 
C) perceived behavioral control 
D) attitude accessibility

Question 19

Automatic attitudes can be defined as ____ and ____ responses.

Accepted Answer

A) controlled, conscious 
B) controlled, unconscious 
C) slow, conscious 
D) fast, evaluative

Question 20

Attitude accessibility refers to ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) how easily the attitude comes to mind 
B) how the attitude fits in the larger cognitive structure of belief ​ 
C) the tendency for attitudes to become more extreme upon reflection ​ 
D) the tendency to like something more as exposure to it increases ​

Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

In terms of how it is experienced, cognitive dissonance most closely resembles ____.

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind.

Explain the origins and essence of cognitive dissonance theory and give an example.

Which behavior best summarizes the text's conclusion about attitude-behavior consistency?

In general, beliefs are used for ____.

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men who participated in Kavadi, a painful religious ritual requiring piercing the skin with needles, dragging a cart attached by hooks to the skin, and climbing a mountain barefoot, ____.

Hazing rituals best fit the concept of ____.

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Who has the MOST accessible attitude?

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory could be most easily used to explain ____.

Research indicates that men show less attitude-behavior consistency than women when it comes to sexuality.

Suppose that Rachel sold one of her stocks last week and that the value of the stock has tripled since then. What a mistake! In which of the following cases is Rachel most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

Research suggests that the mere exposure effect ____.

Research on embodied attitudes suggests that ____.

On a questionnaire, June is asked if she plans to donate blood or not. The researcher is measuring June's ___.

Automatic attitudes can be defined as and responses.

Attitude accessibility refers to ____.

Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

In terms of how it is experienced, cognitive dissonance most closely resembles ____.

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind. ​

Explain the origins and essence of cognitive dissonance theory and give an example.

Which behavior best summarizes the text's conclusion about attitude-behavior consistency?

In general, beliefs are used for ____.

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men who participated in Kavadi, a painful religious ritual requiring piercing the skin with needles, dragging a cart attached by hooks to the skin, and climbing a mountain barefoot, ____.

Hazing rituals best fit the concept of ____.

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Who has the MOST accessible attitude?

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory could be most easily used to explain ____. ​

Research indicates that men show less attitude-behavior consistency than women when it comes to sexuality.

Suppose that Rachel sold one of her stocks last week and that the value of the stock has tripled since then. What a mistake! In which of the following cases is Rachel most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

Research suggests that the mere exposure effect ____.

Research on embodied attitudes suggests that ____. ​

On a questionnaire, June is asked if she plans to donate blood or not. The researcher is measuring June's ___.

Automatic attitudes can be defined as ____ and ____ responses.

Attitude accessibility refers to ____. ​

Attitude accessibility refers to how easily an attitude comes to mind.

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory could be most easily used to explain ____.

Research on embodied attitudes suggests that ____.

Automatic attitudes can be defined as and responses.

Attitude accessibility refers to ____.