Question 1

According to the principles of ____ people are relatively likely to repeat behaviors that have been rewarded and relatively unlikely to repeat behaviors that have been punished. ​

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) vicarious learning 
D) effort justification

Question 2

Early research on classical conditioning was performed with dogs. In certain variations of this research, experimenters repeatedly presented dogs with meat powder just after ringing a bell. The dogs (who would naturally salivate after being exposed to meat powder)learned to associate the bell with the meat powder, and began to salivate as soon as they heard the bell. In the language of classical conditioning, the meat powder in this research served as a(n)________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early research on classical conditioning was performed...

Question 3

Research by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues on effective coping among cancer patients has suggested that all of the following are important in promoting recovery EXCEPT ____.

Accepted Answer

A) making downward comparisons with other cancer patients 
B) making upward comparisons with other cancer patients 
C) feeling that there is a "higher purpose" for one's cancer 
D) feeling that one can control one's cancer

Question 4

Research on post-trauma coping suggests that-contrary to what many people think-blaming oneself for a trauma can, in some cases, help people recover. This seems to be because self-blame causes people to ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) minimize the magnitude of the trauma 
B) seek out social support ​ 
C) reflect on their life priorities ​ 
D) feel a greater sense of control and empowerment ​

Question 5

Research has demonstrated that people are more likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others rewarded for performing those behaviors, and less likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others punished for performing those behaviors. This type of learning is known as ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has demonstrated that people are more...

Question 6

Attitudes are easier to change than behavior, and therefore people generally follow the path of ________________ and change their attitudes rather than their behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attitudes are easier to change than behavior,...

Question 7

One's perceptions about whether significant others believe a person should perform a behavior or not refers to one's ____.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral intention 
B) subjective norms 
C) perceived behavioral control 
D) dissonance level

Question 8

When a person intends to perform a behavior, attitude-behavior consistency ____.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) increases for females, but decreases for males 
D) increases for males, but decreases for females

Question 9

Which of the following best describes behavioral aggregation as a solution to the problem of attitude-behavior inconsistency? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Measure the specific attitude toward the specific behavior you want to predict. 
B) Make sure the general attitude is considered in context of the behavior you want to predict. ​ 
C) Measure a variety of types of behaviors to which the general attitude could relate. ​ 
D) Increase the accessibility of the attitude.

Question 10

In 1959, Festinger and Carlsmith conducted a classic experiment in which they asked participants to tell a lie (about how interesting a very boring study was). The researchers paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell this lie. The same participants were then asked how interesting they really thought the study was. What did the researchers find? ​

Accepted Answer

A) There was no difference between those paid $1 and those paid $20; both said that the (very boring)study was indeed boring. 
B) There was no difference between those paid $1 and those paid $20; both said that the (very boring)study was in fact very interesting. ​ 
C) Compared to those paid $1, those paid $20 rated the study as much more interesting. ​ 
D) Compared to those paid $20, those paid $1 rated the study as much more interesting. ​

Question 11

Paul is trying to train his puppy, Cupcake. He yells "Bad dog!" whenever Cupcake fails to do what he wants. Paul seems to be using ____.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) social learning 
D) attitude polarization

Question 12

Dual attitudes consist of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) automatic attitudes and deliberate attitudes 
B) conditioned attitudes and unconditioned attitudes 
C) cognitions and emotions 
D) beliefs and opinions

Question 13

Research indicates that students who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes on academically relevant issues tend to experience better physical and mental health in the college setting than do other students. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Once beliefs form, they are resistant to change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In Aldous Huxley's book Brave New World , infants develop a fear of books after books are repeatedly presented with a scary loud noise. In this fictional example, the loud noise is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned response 
C) unconditioned stimulus 
D) unconditioned response

Question 16

With ____, people rationalize their behavior so as to bring their attitudes into line with their actions.

Accepted Answer

A) subjective norms 
B) attitude polarization 
C) divergent bias 
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 17

Research indicates that people will sometimes choose to suffer as a result of simply expecting to suffer-but only if ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) they have a reward system in place but have not given much thought to the upcoming prospect of suffering 
B) they have low self-esteem ​ 
C) they have coped with the expectation of suffering by thinking about it and changed relevant beliefs and attitudes ​ 
D) they have not yet thought about the upcoming suffering ​

Question 18

In a highly complex human life, people need to have a ____ of attitudes.

Accepted Answer

A) limited assortment 
B) deliberate assortment 
C) broad assortment 
D) unconscious assortment

Question 19

According to________________, if you go through a severe hazing process, you will be more loyal to the group you are joining. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to________________, if you go through a...

Question 20

Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to the fact that research reveals only a weak relationship between people's stated attitudes and actual behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral schism 
B) the A-B problem 
C) cognitive dissonance 
D) attitude polarization

Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

According to the principles of ____ people are relatively likely to repeat behaviors that have been rewarded and relatively unlikely to repeat behaviors that have been punished.

Research by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues on effective coping among cancer patients has suggested that all of the following are important in promoting recovery EXCEPT ____.

Research on post-trauma coping suggests that-contrary to what many people think-blaming oneself for a trauma can, in some cases, help people recover. This seems to be because self-blame causes people to ____.

Research has demonstrated that people are more likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others rewarded for performing those behaviors, and less likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others punished for performing those behaviors. This type of learning is known as ________________.

Attitudes are easier to change than behavior, and therefore people generally follow the path of ________________ and change their attitudes rather than their behavior.

One's perceptions about whether significant others believe a person should perform a behavior or not refers to one's ____.

When a person intends to perform a behavior, attitude-behavior consistency ____.

Which of the following best describes behavioral aggregation as a solution to the problem of attitude-behavior inconsistency?

Paul is trying to train his puppy, Cupcake. He yells "Bad dog!" whenever Cupcake fails to do what he wants. Paul seems to be using ____.

Dual attitudes consist of ____.

Research indicates that students who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes on academically relevant issues tend to experience better physical and mental health in the college setting than do other students.

Once beliefs form, they are resistant to change.

In Aldous Huxley's book Brave New World , infants develop a fear of books after books are repeatedly presented with a scary loud noise. In this fictional example, the loud noise is a(n) ____.

With ____, people rationalize their behavior so as to bring their attitudes into line with their actions.

Research indicates that people will sometimes choose to suffer as a result of simply expecting to suffer-but only if ____.

In a highly complex human life, people need to have a ____ of attitudes.

According to________________, if you go through a severe hazing process, you will be more loyal to the group you are joining.

Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to the fact that research reveals only a weak relationship between people's stated attitudes and actual behaviors.

Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

According to the principles of ____ people are relatively likely to repeat behaviors that have been rewarded and relatively unlikely to repeat behaviors that have been punished. ​

Research by Shelley Taylor and her colleagues on effective coping among cancer patients has suggested that all of the following are important in promoting recovery EXCEPT ____.

Research on post-trauma coping suggests that-contrary to what many people think-blaming oneself for a trauma can, in some cases, help people recover. This seems to be because self-blame causes people to ____. ​

Research has demonstrated that people are more likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others rewarded for performing those behaviors, and less likely to imitate behaviors if they have seen others punished for performing those behaviors. This type of learning is known as ________________.

Attitudes are easier to change than behavior, and therefore people generally follow the path of ________________ and change their attitudes rather than their behavior.

One's perceptions about whether significant others believe a person should perform a behavior or not refers to one's ____.

When a person intends to perform a behavior, attitude-behavior consistency ____.

Which of the following best describes behavioral aggregation as a solution to the problem of attitude-behavior inconsistency? ​

Paul is trying to train his puppy, Cupcake. He yells "Bad dog!" whenever Cupcake fails to do what he wants. Paul seems to be using ____.

Dual attitudes consist of ____.

Research indicates that students who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes on academically relevant issues tend to experience better physical and mental health in the college setting than do other students. ​

Once beliefs form, they are resistant to change.

In Aldous Huxley's book Brave New World , infants develop a fear of books after books are repeatedly presented with a scary loud noise. In this fictional example, the loud noise is a(n) ____.

With ____, people rationalize their behavior so as to bring their attitudes into line with their actions.

Research indicates that people will sometimes choose to suffer as a result of simply expecting to suffer-but only if ____. ​

In a highly complex human life, people need to have a ____ of attitudes.

According to________________, if you go through a severe hazing process, you will be more loyal to the group you are joining. ​

Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to the fact that research reveals only a weak relationship between people's stated attitudes and actual behaviors.

According to the principles of ____ people are relatively likely to repeat behaviors that have been rewarded and relatively unlikely to repeat behaviors that have been punished.

Research on post-trauma coping suggests that-contrary to what many people think-blaming oneself for a trauma can, in some cases, help people recover. This seems to be because self-blame causes people to ____.

Which of the following best describes behavioral aggregation as a solution to the problem of attitude-behavior inconsistency?

Research indicates that students who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes on academically relevant issues tend to experience better physical and mental health in the college setting than do other students.

Research indicates that people will sometimes choose to suffer as a result of simply expecting to suffer-but only if ____.

According to________________, if you go through a severe hazing process, you will be more loyal to the group you are joining.